Maquetas Taller vertical 2014-2: Granjas urbanas

<p>Normal mice (without <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection) were assigned as a control group (CG group) and mice models infected with <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> were divided into model group (MG group, only treated with saline solution), triple combination therapy group (TG group, the daily medicine intake is 0.5 ug clarithromycin, 0.02 ug omeprazole, and 1 ug amoxicillin), low/middle/high concentrations of flavonoid glycoside group (LF/MF/HF group, treated with one daily dose of flavonoid glycoside at 32/64/128 ug), low/middle/high concentrations of flavonoid glycoside and common concentration of amoxicillin group (LFA/MFA/HFA group, treated with one daily dose of Flavonoid glycoside at 32/64/128 ug and amoxicillin at 1 ug). Analysis of G cells and somatostatin gray value in each group (n = 10). *<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs model group.</p

Table_1_Metagenomics reveals the abundance and accumulation trend of antibiotic resistance gene profile under long-term no tillage in a rainfed agroecosystem.pdf

Widespread soil resistance can seriously endanger sustainable food production and soil health. Conservation tillage is a promising practice for improving soil structure and health. However, the impact of long-term no-tillage on the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural soils remains unexplored. Based on the long-term (>11 yr) tillage experimental fields that include both conservation tillage practices [no tillage (ZT)] and conventional tillage practices [plough tillage (PT)], we investigated the accumulation trend of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in farmland soils under long-term no-tillage conditions. We aimed to provide a scientific basis for formulating agricultural production strategies to promote ecological environment safety and human health. In comparison to PT, ZT led to a considerable reduction in the relative abundance of both antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic target gene families in the soil. Furthermore, the abundance of all ARGs were considerably lower in the ZT soil. The classification of drug resistance showed that ZT substantially decreased the relative abundance of Ethambutol (59.97%), β-lactams (44.87%), Fosfomycin (35.82%), Sulfonamides (34.64%), Polymyxins (33.67%), MLSB (32.78%), Chloramphenicol (28.57%), Multi-drug resistance (26.22%), Efflux pump (23.46%), Aminoglycosides (16.79%), Trimethoprim (13.21%), Isoniazid (11.34%), Fluoroquinolone (6.21%) resistance genes, compared to PT soil. In addition, the abundance of the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes decreased considerably. The Mantel test indicated that long-term ZT practices substantially increased the abundance of beneficial microbial flora and inhibited the enrichment of ARGs in soil by improving soil microbial diversity, metabolic activity, increasing SOC, TN, and available Zn, and decreasing pH. Overall, long-term no-tillage practices inhibit the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes in farmland soil, which is a promising agricultural management measure to reduce the accumulation risk of soil ARGs.</p

Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of gastric tissues (HE×200).

<p>Normal mice (without <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection) were assigned as a control group (CG group) and mice models infected with <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> were divided into model group (MG group, only treated with saline solution), triple combination therapy group (TG group, the daily medicine intake is 0.5 ug clarithromycin, 0.02 ug omeprazole, and 1 ug amoxicillin), low/middle/high concentrations of flavonoid glycoside group (LF/MF/HF group, treated with one daily dose of Flavonoid glycoside at 32/64/128 ug), low/middle/high concentrations of flavonoid glycoside and common concentration of amoxicillin group (LFA/MFA/HFA group, treated with one daily dose of flavonoid glycoside at 32/64/128 ug and amoxicillin at 1 ug). Pathological score of mice gastric antrum in each group (±SD, n = 10). *<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs model group.</p

The mRNA levels of Gastrin in the gastric mucosa of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infected mice in different groups (n = 6).

<p>*<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs model group</p><p>The mRNA levels of Gastrin in the gastric mucosa of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infected mice in different groups (n = 6).</p

Sensitivity test of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> to flavonoid glycoside.

<p>A: blank control. B: 40 ug/mL flavonoid glycoside. C: 80 ug/mL flavonoid glycoside.</p

The mRNA levels of IFN-gamma in the gastric mucosa of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infected mice in different groups (n = 6).

<p>^▲<i>P</i> < 0.05 model group vs blank group;</p><p>*<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs model group.</p><p>The mRNA levels of IFN-gamma in the gastric mucosa of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infected mice in different groups (n = 6).</p

The flowchart of study.

<p>Normal mice (without <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection) were assigned as a control group (CG group) and mice models infected with <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> were divided into model group (MG group, only treated with saline solution), triple combination therapy group (TG group, the daily medicine intake is 0.5 ug clarithromycin, 0.02 ug omeprazole, and 1 ug amoxicillin), low/middle/high concentrations of flavonoid glycoside group (LF/MF/HF group, treated with one daily dose of flavonoid glycoside at 32/64/128 ug), low/middle/high concentrations of flavonoid glycoside and common concentration of amoxicillin group (LFA/MFA/HFA group, treated with one daily dose of Flavonoid glycoside at 32/64/128 ug and amoxicillin at 1 ug). Gastrin, GAS; Somatostatin, SS.</p

Analysis of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>clearance between model group and other treatment groups.

<p>Note:</p><p>^aThe number is determined by the relative amounts of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>-specific CagA DNA.</p><p>*<i>P<0</i>.<i>05</i> vs model group (n = 8).</p><p>Analysis of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>clearance between model group and other treatment groups.</p

The comparision for histochemistry and histopathology between a control and a model group.

<p>Giemsa staining (×400), Giemsa stain was used to observe the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to gastric cells. Microaerophilic culturing of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>, the extracellular <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> are microaerophilic. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of gastric tissues was used for the detection of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> (HE×200). The staining of G cells of Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (PV×200). The staining of D cells of Gastric MALT lymphoma (PV×200).</p

CCK-8 colorimetric assay for detecting lymphocyte stimulation index after mice model treated with different concentrations of Flavonoid glycoside in vitro after 72 h.

<p>Note:</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05 vs 0 ug/mL group.</p><p>CCK-8 colorimetric assay for detecting lymphocyte stimulation index after mice model treated with different concentrations of Flavonoid glycoside in vitro after 72 h.</p