Branched Amino Acid Based Poly(ester urea)s with Tunable Thermal and Water Uptake Properties

A series of amino-acid based poly­(ester urea)­s (PEU) with controlled amounts of branching was synthesized and characterized. The mechanical properties, thermal characteristics and water absorptions varied widely with the extent of branch unit incorporation. Herein, the details of the synthesis of a linear bis­(l-phenylalanine)-hexane 1,6-diester monomer, a branch tri-<i>O</i>-benzyl-l-tyrosine-1,1,1-trimethylethane triester monomer and a series of copolymers are described. The extent of branching was varied by adjusting the molar ratio of linear to branched monomer during the interfacial polymerization. The elastic moduli span a range of values (1.0–3.1 GPa) that overlaps with several clinically available degradable polymers. Increasing the amount of branching monomers reduces the molecular entanglement, which results in a decrease in elastic modulus values and an increase in values of elongation at break. The l<i>-</i>phenylalanine-based poly­(ester urea)­s also exhibited a branch density dependent water uptake ability that varied between 2 and 3% after 24 h of immersion in water. Nanofibers incorporating 8% branching were able to maintain their morphology at elevated temperature, in hydrated conditions, and during ethylene oxide sterilization which are critical to efforts to translate these materials to clinical soft tissue applications

sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231225874 – Supplemental material for Elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor for cystic fibrosis with Phe508del mutation: Evidence from randomized controlled trials

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231225874 for Elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor for cystic fibrosis with Phe508del mutation: Evidence from randomized controlled trials by Rong He, Fei Lin, Zehui Deng and Bin Yu in SAGE Open Medicine</p

Characteristics of the included studies.

BackgroundRopivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that is used to treat postoperative pain. Adjuvant use of dexmedetomidine in regional anesthesia may prolong the duration of analgesia. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the duration and effect of ropivacaine alone vs. ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ropivacaine alone or ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for regional anesthesia. The primary outcome was duration of analgesia, defined as the time from onset of the block to the time of the first analgesic request or initial pain report. Secondary outcomes were duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, consumption of sufentanil for analgesia, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsEighteen studies with 1148 patients were included. Overall quality of the RCTs, as assessed by the Jadad scale, was high. The meta-analysis demonstrated that ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia from local anesthetics compared to ropivacaine alone (WMD: 4.14h; 95%CI: 3.29~5.0h; P2 = 99%). There was evidence of high heterogeneity between studies. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased, and consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in patients who received ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine compared to ropivacaine alone. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay.ConclusionsCompared to ropivacaine alone, ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia and sensory and motor block, and reduced consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, across an array of surgeries.</div

High Color Purity CsPbBr₃ Nanocrystals Prepared by a Heterogeneous Reaction System

All inorganic perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as new semiconductor materials for light-emitting applications due to their high light absorption coefficient, tunable spectrum, and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). However, owing to their burst nucleation and growth, the size distribution of CsPbX3 NCs prepared by the conventional homogeneous reaction system is wide, which affects their high color purity. Here, a heterogeneous reaction system was designed to prepare CsPbBr3 NCs with a narrow size distribution by controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics of CsPbBr3 NCs and eliminating the undesired Ostwald ripening effect. The synthesized CsPbBr3 NCs exhibit nearly a unit PLQY and a narrow size distribution. Benefiting from the tight ligands on the surface of NCs that can both stabilize the inorganic nuclei of CsPbBr3 NCs and passivate the Br vacancy defects of the NC surface, the obtained CsPbBr3 NCs have excellent optical stability. In particular, the PLQY of the CsPbBr3 NC colloidal dispersion can be as high as 86% even after 13 cycles of purification with methyl acetate

Modified Jadad score.

BackgroundRopivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that is used to treat postoperative pain. Adjuvant use of dexmedetomidine in regional anesthesia may prolong the duration of analgesia. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the duration and effect of ropivacaine alone vs. ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ropivacaine alone or ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for regional anesthesia. The primary outcome was duration of analgesia, defined as the time from onset of the block to the time of the first analgesic request or initial pain report. Secondary outcomes were duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, consumption of sufentanil for analgesia, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsEighteen studies with 1148 patients were included. Overall quality of the RCTs, as assessed by the Jadad scale, was high. The meta-analysis demonstrated that ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia from local anesthetics compared to ropivacaine alone (WMD: 4.14h; 95%CI: 3.29~5.0h; P2 = 99%). There was evidence of high heterogeneity between studies. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased, and consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in patients who received ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine compared to ropivacaine alone. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay.ConclusionsCompared to ropivacaine alone, ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia and sensory and motor block, and reduced consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, across an array of surgeries.</div

Fig 5 -

Forest plots for postoperative nausea (A) and vomiting (B).</p

Flow chart for study selection.

BackgroundRopivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that is used to treat postoperative pain. Adjuvant use of dexmedetomidine in regional anesthesia may prolong the duration of analgesia. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the duration and effect of ropivacaine alone vs. ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ropivacaine alone or ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for regional anesthesia. The primary outcome was duration of analgesia, defined as the time from onset of the block to the time of the first analgesic request or initial pain report. Secondary outcomes were duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, consumption of sufentanil for analgesia, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsEighteen studies with 1148 patients were included. Overall quality of the RCTs, as assessed by the Jadad scale, was high. The meta-analysis demonstrated that ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia from local anesthetics compared to ropivacaine alone (WMD: 4.14h; 95%CI: 3.29~5.0h; P2 = 99%). There was evidence of high heterogeneity between studies. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased, and consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in patients who received ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine compared to ropivacaine alone. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay.ConclusionsCompared to ropivacaine alone, ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia and sensory and motor block, and reduced consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, across an array of surgeries.</div

Trim- and fill-method for publication bias.

BackgroundRopivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that is used to treat postoperative pain. Adjuvant use of dexmedetomidine in regional anesthesia may prolong the duration of analgesia. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the duration and effect of ropivacaine alone vs. ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ropivacaine alone or ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for regional anesthesia. The primary outcome was duration of analgesia, defined as the time from onset of the block to the time of the first analgesic request or initial pain report. Secondary outcomes were duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, consumption of sufentanil for analgesia, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsEighteen studies with 1148 patients were included. Overall quality of the RCTs, as assessed by the Jadad scale, was high. The meta-analysis demonstrated that ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia from local anesthetics compared to ropivacaine alone (WMD: 4.14h; 95%CI: 3.29~5.0h; P2 = 99%). There was evidence of high heterogeneity between studies. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased, and consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in patients who received ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine compared to ropivacaine alone. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay.ConclusionsCompared to ropivacaine alone, ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia and sensory and motor block, and reduced consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, across an array of surgeries.</div

Fig 4 -

Forest plots for duration of sensory block(A); motor block (B); analgesic consumption of sufentanil (C) and length of hospital stay (D).</p

Funnel plot of publication bias.

BackgroundRopivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that is used to treat postoperative pain. Adjuvant use of dexmedetomidine in regional anesthesia may prolong the duration of analgesia. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the duration and effect of ropivacaine alone vs. ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ropivacaine alone or ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for regional anesthesia. The primary outcome was duration of analgesia, defined as the time from onset of the block to the time of the first analgesic request or initial pain report. Secondary outcomes were duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, consumption of sufentanil for analgesia, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsEighteen studies with 1148 patients were included. Overall quality of the RCTs, as assessed by the Jadad scale, was high. The meta-analysis demonstrated that ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia from local anesthetics compared to ropivacaine alone (WMD: 4.14h; 95%CI: 3.29~5.0h; P2 = 99%). There was evidence of high heterogeneity between studies. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased, and consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in patients who received ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine compared to ropivacaine alone. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay.ConclusionsCompared to ropivacaine alone, ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia and sensory and motor block, and reduced consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, across an array of surgeries.</div