Additional file 4: Figure S3. of The association between obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Galbraith plot. (TIFF 44 kb

Data_Sheet_1_Escaping negative moods and concentration problems play bridge roles in the symptom network of problematic smartphone use and depression.docx

BackgroundProblematic smartphone use (PSU) has become an issue of great concern in the age of smartphones. PSU is associated with emotional problems, one of which is depression, as shown by empirical studies. However, previous studies have been limited in that they have focused solely on the total score for symptoms of PSU and depression while ignoring the symptomatic heterogeneity of these two concepts.MethodThis study filled this gap by exploring links between symptoms of PSU and depression among 1,849 university students (59.17% female participants, 17–23 years old). Network analysis was utilized to reveal symptom connections, central symptoms, and bridge symptoms between PSU and depression.Results(1) A total of 17 of 81 symptom connections (about 21%) between PSU and depression existed in the symptom network. For example, “self-control failure” for PSU was positively correlated with “concentration problems” for depression; (2) “recklessly continuing” for PSU and “fatigue” for depression were central symptoms within the PSU symptom network and depression symptom network, respectively; (3) “escaping negative moods” for PSU and “concentration problems” for depression were bridge symptoms. The former was maximumly connected with the depression symptoms and the latter was maximumly connected with the PSU symptoms; and (4) gender had very minimal influence on the network characteristics.ConclusionThe results are in keeping with the central idea of the compensatory internet use theory that excessive smartphone use may be a coping strategy for depressed emotions derived from escaping motivation. Moreover, concentration problems may be a mediator explaining how negative emotions (e.g., depression) cause PSU, which is undefined in current internet use theories. Finally, symptom connections, central symptoms, and bridge symptoms could be potential targets for the prevention and intervention of PSU and depression in young adults.</p

Vertically Aligned High-Quality Graphene Foams for Anisotropically Conductive Polymer Composites with Ultrahigh Through-Plane Thermal Conductivities

Although graphene-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) have great potentials in removing excess heat generated during highly efficient running of electronic devices, their practical applications are usually limited by their unsatisfactory thermal conductions, which are mainly caused by unsatisfactory dispersion and distribution, low loading, and low quality of graphene sheets, as well as the thermal interfacial resistance between graphene sheets and polymer matrix. Herein, we develop vertically aligned graphene hybrid foams (GHFs) with high densities by hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide in the presence of high-quality graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) followed by air-drying. The reduced graphene oxide sheets play an important role in constructing a vertically aligned interconnection network for accommodating GNPs during the hydrothermal reduction process, while the incorporated GNPs not only make the thermal conductance network denser but also prevent excessive shrinkage of the foams during air-drying. More critically, graphitization of GHF at 2800 °C removes the residual oxygen-containing groups and heals the defects of their reduced graphene oxide component, leading to high-quality graphene foams. The resultant vertically aligned high-quality graphene porous architecture with high density as an ideal thermal conductance network of TIMs is highly efficient in improving the thermal conductivity of its epoxy composite, which exhibits an ultrahigh through-plane thermal conductivity of 35.5 W m^–1 K^–1 at a graphene loading of 19.0 vol %. The excellent thermally conductive performance makes the annealed GHF/epoxy composites suitable for the thermal management

Simultaneous Enhancements in Toughness and Electrical Conductivity of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites by Incorporation of Electrically Inert Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles

Although the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) makes polypropylene (PP) electrically conductive, the resulting PP/CNT binary nanocomposites become brittle limiting their practical applications. To toughen PP/CNT nanocomposites, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) inorganic nanoparticles are melt-compounded with PP and CNTs components to fabricate electrically conductive and tough PP/CNT/CaCO₃ ternary nanocomposites. The PP/CNT nanocomposites have a relatively large percolation threshold of 6.2 wt %, which reduces to 5.6 wt % by the addition of 30 wt % of pristine CaCO₃, and further to 3.6 wt % in the presence of 30 wt % of modified CaCO₃. Simultaneously, the electrically conductive PP/CNT nanocomposites are efficiently toughened by the CaCO₃ nanoparticles, and the notched impact strength increases from 16.0 to 33.1 KJ/m² by compounding 30 wt % of modified CaCO₃ with PP/9 wt % CNT components. The dual roles of CaCO₃ in volume-exclusion and toughening are well demonstrated

Additional file 3: Figure S2. of The association between obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Funnel plots among all studies including two conference reports that were not subsequently published. Two conference reports referred by Velazquez, 2011 and Papatsimpas, 2011. (TIFF 45 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of The association between obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Meta-analysis for all studies including two conference reports that were not subsequently published. Two conference reports referred by Velazquez, 2011 and Papatsimpas, 2011. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. (TIFF 156 kb

Neuron-Inspired Fe₃O₄/Conductive Carbon Filament Network for High-Speed and Stable Lithium Storage

Construction of a continuous conductance network with high electron-transfer rate is extremely important for high-performance energy storage. Owing to the highly efficient mass transport and information transmission, neurons are exactly a perfect model for electron transport, inspiring us to design a neuron-like reaction network for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with Fe₃O₄ as an example. The reactive cores (Fe₃O₄) are protected by carbon shells and linked by carbon filaments, constituting an integrated conductance network. Thus, once the reaction starts, the electrons released from every Fe₃O₄ cores are capable of being transferred rapidly through the whole network directly to the external circuit, endowing the nanocomposite with tremendous rate performance and ultralong cycle life. After 1000 cycles at current densities as high as 1 and 2 A g^–1, charge capacities of the as-synthesized nanocomposite maintain 971 and 715 mA h g^–1, respectively, much higher than those of reported Fe₃O₄-based anode materials. The Fe₃O₄-based conductive network provides a new idea for future developments of high-rate-performance LIBs

Table_1_Influencing Factors of Students Aged 10–20 Non-participating in Home Physical Exercise During the COVID-19 Isolation Policy Period: A Cross-Sectional Study From China.DOC

BackgroundA number of public health measures are required during the COVID-19 pandemic. To stop the spread of COVID-19, the Chinese government has adopted isolation policies, including closing non-essential businesses, public transportation and schools, moving students' face-to-face learning to online, and recommending the cancellation of all non-essential activities and outdoor activities. However, while this isolation strategy has reduced human-to-human transmission of COVID-19, it has led to dramatic changes in students' daily lives and learning styles, including reduced physical activity and increased sedentary time. Considering the potentially harmful effects of physical inactivity, this study hoped to explore the incidence and influencing factors of non-participation in home physical exercise among Chinese students aged 10–20 during the implementation of the COVID-19 isolation policy.MethodsThrough an online questionnaire platform, this study created an open-ended questionnaire (from March 1, 2020 to March 10, 2020) and distributed it to students in areas where isolation policies were enforced. The questionnaire was initially distributed by 10 recruited volunteers, and then the questionnaire was voluntarily forwarded and shared by the subjects or others, in a “snowball” way, to expand distribution. Finally, the survey data of 4,532 Chinese students aged 10–20 were collected. The incidence of respondents non-participating in home physical activity was determined using univariate analysis. Using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of a multivariate binary logistic regression model, factors influencing non-participation in home physical exercise were estimated.ResultsAmong the sample students, the incidence rate of non-participating in home physical exercise was 25.86% (24.06–27.15%). Exercise intentions, exercise habits, self-assessed health, beliefs in physical health, family exercise, family exercise recommendations, home exercise conditions, school exercise guidance, and health education programs had a negative impact on students non-participating in home physical exercise. Academic performance and electronic product use had a positive effect on non-participating in home physical exercise.ConclusionsA variety of forward leaning factors, enabling factors and demand factors have affected the occurrence of students” non-participating in home physical exercise. Future health isolation policies should take into account these influencing factors to reduce the occurrence of students” non-participating in home physical exercise and to promote students' independent participation in physical exercise.</p

PANI/CoMoO₄ Nanocomposite Heterostructures for Detection of NH₃ at Room Temperature

The interface between two distinct materials in a heterojunction material plays a crucial role in gas sensors, as it facilitates the swift and effective transfer of charge carriers, resulting in enhanced response times. Nevertheless, the impact of heterogeneous interfaces on gas-sensing properties remains uncertain, impeding the advancement of semiconducting hybrids in gas-sensing applications. This study presents the synthesis of a PANI/CoMoO4 p–p heterogeneous nanocomposite through in situ polymerization of highly active PANI onto CoMoO4. In the range of 0.05–50 ppm NH3, PANI/CoMoO4 exhibits a rapid response time of ∼5 s (50 ppm) and a low LOD of 50 ppb. PANI/CoMoO4 has only 10% decrease in response to NH3 during 40 days and demonstrates a high selectivity to NH3 against H2S, CO, CH4, and other interferents. The effective modification of PANI, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT), enhances the adsorption efficiency of NH3 molecules. Additionally, the p–p heterojunction interface between PANI and CoMoO4 facilitates efficient electron transport. The findings of this study highlight the advantages of p–p heterojunctions in NH3 detection, offering novel insights for the design and synthesis of high-performance gas-sensitive materials. Furthermore, effective utilization of the PANI/CoMoO4 nanocomposite in portable gas sensors and inspection robots underscores their practicality