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We live almost literally immersed in an artificial visual world, especially motion pictures. In this exploratory study, we asked whether the best speed for reproducing a video is its original, shooting speed. By using adjustment and double staircase methods, we examined speed biases in viewing real-life video clips in three experiments, and assessed their robustness by manipulating visual and auditory factors. With the tested stimuli (short clips of human motion, mixed human-physical motion, physical motion and ego-motion), speed underestimation was the rule rather than the exception, although it depended largely on clip content, ranging on average from 2% (ego-motion) to 32% (physical motion). Manipulating display size or adding arbitrary soundtracks did not modify these speed biases. Estimated speed was not correlated with estimated duration of these same video clips. These results indicate that the sense of speed for real-life video clips can be systematically biased, independently of the impression of elapsed time. Measuring subjective visual tempo may integrate traditional methods that assess time perception: speed biases may be exploited to develop a simple, objective test of reality flow, to be used for example in clinical and developmental contexts. From the perspective of video media, measuring speed biases may help to optimize video reproduction speed and validate “natural” video compression techniques based on sub-threshold temporal squeezing.</p

Generating societal impact from collaborations between universities and arts and culture organisations (ACOs): Evidence from a survey of arts and culture professionals in the UK

The art and cultural industries are known to generate not only important economic benefits, but also broader impacts on society. One of the ways in which they can amplify their societal impact is through their collaborations with universities, contributing to research and knowledge exchange activities that produce valuable outcomes for numerous societal stakeholders. Yet, the association between the characteristics of the collaboration and its impact is not clearly understood. Building on the framework of Collaborative Value Creation (CVC), we argue that the nature of the collaboration between university and ACO – whether it is transactional, integrative or transformational – will affect the breadth of impact generated – whether it benefits mainly the collaboration partners and/or external stakeholders. We rely on a unique, purpose-built survey of arts and culture professionals in the UK, co-designed by National Centre for Academic and Cultural Exchange (NCACE) and Arts Professional. The empirical findings confirm that different types of collaborations are associated with different breadth of impact: transactional collaborations mainly impact the ACO, integrative collaborations impact both partners, transformational collaborations impact external stakeholders. The impact on the ACO refers to direct benefit from the collaboration, rather than to the ACO's intention to engage in further collaborations; we find that the latter is negatively affected by the participation in transactional collaborations, and positively affected by the ACO's positive attitude towards collaborating. The study makes a theoretical contribution, by applying the CVC framework to a new context, and by identifying the mechanisms through which the nature of the collaboration influences the type of impact it produces. It also contributes to policy and practice by proposing a set of relevant implications.</p

Which regional conditions facilitate university spinouts retention and attraction?

We discuss the economic and institutional factors that contribute to regions retaining university spinouts (USOs) founded within their borders as well as attracting USOs from other regions. Using UK data, we find that those regions with high USO retention rates have lower urbanization and localization economies. This suggests that locally founded USOs take advantage of cheaper inputs in addition to benefits that come from proximity to their home university. However, regions with high USO attraction rates have higher localization economies and innovation resources, suggesting that USOs move there to benefit from dynamic innovation systems. This study offers some general implications for regional and national industrial policy, including the ‘levelling up’ regional policy agenda.</p

Which regional conditions facilitate university spinouts retention and attraction?

We discuss the economic and institutional factors that contribute to regions retaining university spinouts (USOs) founded within their borders as well as attracting USOs from other regions. Using UK data, we find that those regions with high USO retention rates have lower urbanization and localization economies. This suggests that locally founded USOs take advantage of cheaper inputs in addition to benefits that come from proximity to their home university. However, regions with high USO attraction rates have higher localization economies and innovation resources, suggesting that USOs move there to benefit from dynamic innovation systems. This study offers some general implications for regional and national industrial policy, including the ‘levelling up’ regional policy agenda.</p

Statistical_method_Fabry_Cancer1 – Supplemental material for Tumour incidence in Fabry disease: A cross-sectional study

Supplemental material, Statistical_method_Fabry_Cancer1 for Tumour incidence in Fabry disease: A cross-sectional study by Federica Rossi, Sara Auricchio, Agnese Binaggia, Vincenzo L’imperio, Fabio Pagni and Federico Pieruzzi in Journal of Onco-Nephrology</p

FP_Supplemental_revised_Tables_4.2019 – Supplemental material for Tumour incidence in Fabry disease: A cross-sectional study

Supplemental material, FP_Supplemental_revised_Tables_4.2019 for Tumour incidence in Fabry disease: A cross-sectional study by Federica Rossi, Sara Auricchio, Agnese Binaggia, Vincenzo L’imperio, Fabio Pagni and Federico Pieruzzi in Journal of Onco-Nephrology</p

Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure in <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> gills and digestive gland

<p>Despite the wide use of nanoscale materials in several fields, some aspects of the nanoparticle behavior have to be still investigated. In this work, we faced the aspect of environmental effects of increasing concentrations of TiO₂NPs using the <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> as an animal model and carrying out a multidisciplinary approach to better explain the results. Bioaccumulation suggested that the gills and digestive gland are the most sensitive organs to TiO₂NP exposure. Histological observations have evidenced an altered tissue organization and a consistent infiltration of hemocytes, as a consequence of the immune system activation, even though an increase in lipid peroxidation is uncertain and DNA damage became relevant only at high exposure dose (10 mg/L) or for longer exposure time (96 h). However, the over expression of SOD1 mRNA strengthen the concept that the toxicity of TiO₂NPs could occur indirectly by ROS production. TEM analysis showed the presence of multilamellar bodies, RER fragmentation, and cytoplasmic vacuolization within relevant presence of dense granules, residual bodies, and lipid inclusions. These findings support the evidence of an initial inflammatory response by the cells of the target organs leading to apoptosis. In conclusion, we can state that certainly the exposure to TiO₂NPs has affected our animal model from cellular to molecular levels. Interestingly, the same responses are caused by lower TiO₂NP concentration and longer exposure time as well as higher doses and shorter exposure. We do not know if some of the conditions detected are reversible, then further studies are required to clarify this aspect.</p

Weaning, food allergens and potential risk factors for delayed introduction: a cross-sectional study

Much evidence supports that the early introduction of allergenic foods in weaning is useful to prevent food allergies later in life. Real life is often different, with factors related to mothers and infants. Our study aimed to deepen the timing of introducing the foods responsible for most allergic reactions during the weaning and why parents delay their introduction. 110 mothers participated in the study, compiling a questionnaire. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a delayed introduction of allergenic foods at 4 months (r = 0.433, p r = 0.486, p p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that introducing many allergens is delayed during the weaning. Parents with infants fed with exclusive breastfeeding could need more information about the correct time of introduction of potential allergens in the weaning.</p

Supplementary Methods from Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Chemoimmunotherapy Clinical Trial in a Pet Dog Model of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

PDF file - 75K</p

Selective Synthesis of a Salt and a Cocrystal of the Ethionamide–Salicylic Acid System

Herein is presented a rare example of salt/cocrystal polymorphism involving the adduct between ethionamide (ETH) and salicylic acid (SAL). Both the salt and cocrystal forms have the same stoichiometry and composition and are both stable at room temperature. The synthetic procedure was successfully optimized in order to selectively obtain both polymorphs. The two adducts’ structures were thoroughly investigated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. From the solid-state NMR point of view, the combination of mono- and multinuclear experiments (1H MAS, 13C and 15N CPMAS, 1H-{14N} D-HMQC, 1H–14N PM-S-RESPDOR) provided undoubted spectroscopic evidence about the different positions of the hydrogen atom along the main N···H···O interaction. In particular, the 1H–14N PM-S-RESPDOR allowed N–H distance measurements through the 1H detected signal at a very high spinning speed (70 kHz), which remarkably agree with those derived by DFT optimized X-ray diffraction, even on a natural abundance real system. The thermodynamic relationship between the salt and the cocrystal was inquired from the experimental and computational points of view, enabling the characterization of the two polymorphs as enantiotropically related. The performances of the two forms in terms of dissolution rate are comparable to each other but significantly higher with respect to the pure ETH