11 research outputs found

    The Apoplast: A Key Player in Plant Survival

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    The apoplast comprises the intercellular space, the cell walls, and the xylem. Important functions for the plant, such as nutrient and water transport, cellulose synthesis, and the synthesis of molecules involved in plant defense against both biotic and abiotic stresses, take place in it. The most important molecules are ROS, antioxidants, proteins, and hormones. Even though only a small quantity of ROS is localized within the apoplast, apoplastic ROS have an important role in plant development and plant responses to various stress conditions. In the apoplast, like in the intracellular cell compartments, a specific set of antioxidants can be found that can detoxify the different types of ROS produced in it. These scavenging ROS components confer stress tolerance and avoid cellular damage. Moreover, the production and accumulation of proteins and peptides in the apoplast take place in response to various stresses. Hormones are also present in the apoplast where they perform important functions. In addition, the apoplast is also the space where microbe-associated molecular Patterns (MAMPs) are secreted by pathogens. In summary, the diversity of molecules found in the apoplast highlights its importance in the survival of plant cells

    Exploring the impact of plant genotype and fungicide treatment on endophytic communities in tomato stems

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    This study examines how plant genotype can influence the microbiome by comparing six tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum) based on their traditional vs. commercial backgrounds. Using Illumina-based sequencing of the V6-V8 regions of 16S and ITS2 rRNA genes, we analyzed and compared the endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in stems to understand how microbiota can differ and be altered in plant genotypes and the relation to human manipulation. Our results reflect that traditional genotypes harbor significantly more exclusive microbial taxa and a broader phylogenetic background than the commercial ones. Traditional genotypes were significantly richer in Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes fungi, while Lasiosphaeriaceae was more prevalent in commercial genotypes. TH-30 exhibited the highest bacterial abundance, significantly more than commercial genotypes, particularly in Actinomycetia, Bacteroidia, and Gammaproteobacteria. Additionally, traditional genotypes had higher bacterial diversity, notably in orders like Cytophagales, Xanthomonadales, and Burkholderiales. Moreover, we performed an evaluation of the impact of a systemic fungicide (tebuconazole-dichlofluanide) to simulate a common agronomic practice and determined that a single fungicide treatment altered the stem endophytic microbiota. Control plants had a higher prevalence of fungal orders Pleosporales, Helotiales, and Glomerellales, while treated plants were dominated by Sordariomycetes and Laboulbeniomycetes. Fungal community diversity significantly decreased, but no significant impact was observed on bacterial diversity. Our study provides evidence that the background of the tomato variety impacts the fungal and bacterial stem endophytes. Furthermore, these findings suggest the potential benefits of using of traditional genotypes as a source of novel beneficial microbiota that may prove highly valuable in unpredicted challenges and the advancement in sustainable agriculture

    Exploring the Multifaceted Powers of Solanum lycopersicum Heme-Binding Protein 2 (SlHBP2): A Dynamic Investigation into Antimicrobial, plant Immune-Boosting, and Anticancer Potential

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    Compendi d'articles.This research investigated the mechanisms of action of Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein (SlHBP2) against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) and SlHBP2 potential for boosting plant defense and clinical applications. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SlHBP2, derived from tomato plants treated with the resistance inducer 1-Methyl tryptophan, exhibits potent antimicrobial effects against Pst, producing cell death by disruption of the cell wall. SlHBP2 is also effective against other plant microorganisms. Additionally, SlHBP2-treated tomato plants show reduced disease symptoms and bacterial population compared to controls when infected with Pst. Interestingly, SlHBP2 induces the production of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid which triggers systemic resistance in plants. This OPDA-mediated response enhances resistance to Pst by activating antioxidant machinery, leading to decreased ROS production post-inoculation. Furthermore, SlHBP2 demonstrated effectiveness against clinical pathogens and significant anticancer effects, including apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells and autophagy triggering in colon cancer cells. These findings highlighted SlHBP2's multifaceted roles in enhancing plant defense and clinical applications.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie

    The Dual Role of Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides: Exploring Their Direct Impact and Plant Defense-Enhancing Abilities

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    Plants face numerous environmental stresses that hinder their growth and productivity, including biotic agents, such as herbivores and parasitic microorganisms, as well as abiotic factors, such as cold, drought, salinity, and high temperature. To counter these challenges, plants have developed a range of defense strategies. Among these, plant antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs) have emerged as a promising solution. Due to their broad-spectrum activity, structural stability, and diverse mechanisms of action, APPs serve as powerful tools to complement and enhance conventional agricultural methods, significantly boosting plant defense and productivity. This review focuses on different studies on APPs, emphasizing their crucial role in combating plant pathogens and enhancing plant resilience against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Beginning with in vitro studies, we explore how APPs combat various plant pathogens. We then delve into the defense mechanisms triggered by APPs against biotic stress, showcasing their effectiveness against bacterial and fungal diseases. Additionally, we highlight the role of APPs in mitigating the abiotic challenges associated with climatic change. Finally, we discuss the current applications of APPs in agriculture, emphasizing their potential for sustainable agricultural practices and the need for future research in this area

    Effects of growth regulators on callus induction and secondary metabolite production in <i>Cuminum cyminum</i>

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    <p>Cumin (<i>Cuminum cyminum</i>) is an annual plant from <i>Apiaceae</i> family that is cultivated in Iran as landraces. The most important chemical composition of the cumin essential oil was cuminaldehyde. In this research, the effect of different landraces and growth regulators was evaluated on callus induction, and best callus was used for amount of cuminaldehyde content. Node, root, leaf and hypocotyl explant from seedlings of Birjand and Qaen landraces were cultured on MS and MS5 medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2, 4-D and Kin. This experiment has been carried out in a completely randomised design with 3 replications. Percentage of callogenesis, callus volume, fresh and dry weight were measured. The best treatment for callus induction was 2.5 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg/L Kin in MS5 medium. The best callus result was evaluated for cuminaldehyde content. An amount of 5.7% cuminaldehyde was measured using hydrodistillation method.</p

    Empowering plant protection with HBP2: a new era of plant disease control

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    Pòster presentat al XVIII Portuguese Spanish Congress of Plant Biology i XXV Meeting of the Spanish Society of Plant Biology, Braga, 9-12, july, (2023)The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the novel antimicrobial protein HBP2 as a vaccine

    The Apoplast: A Key Player in Plant Survival

    No full text
    The apoplast comprises the intercellular space, the cell walls, and the xylem. Important functions for the plant, such as nutrient and water transport, cellulose synthesis, and the synthesis of molecules involved in plant defense against both biotic and abiotic stresses, take place in it. The most important molecules are ROS, antioxidants, proteins, and hormones. Even though only a small quantity of ROS is localized within the apoplast, apoplastic ROS have an important role in plant development and plant responses to various stress conditions. In the apoplast, like in the intracellular cell compartments, a specific set of antioxidants can be found that can detoxify the different types of ROS produced in it. These scavenging ROS components confer stress tolerance and avoid cellular damage. Moreover, the production and accumulation of proteins and peptides in the apoplast take place in response to various stresses. Hormones are also present in the apoplast where they perform important functions. In addition, the apoplast is also the space where microbe-associated molecular Patterns (MAMPs) are secreted by pathogens. In summary, the diversity of molecules found in the apoplast highlights its importance in the survival of plant cells

    Xanthomonas vesicatoria disease control in tomato plants using natural compounds as resistance inductors

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    Pòster presentat al XVIII Portuguese Spanish Congress of Plant Biology i XXV Meeting of the Spanish Society of Plant Biology, Braga, 9-12, july, (2023)Resistance‐inducing agents are compounds that can activate the natural defenses of the plants, protecting them through the induction of stress responses that are effective against a wide spectrum of pathogens

    Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein 2 as a potent antimicrobial weapon against plant pathogens

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    Abstract The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused by the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the urgent exploration of alternative antimicrobial solutions. Among these alternatives, antimicrobial proteins, and peptides (Apps) have garnered attention due to their wide-ranging antimicrobial effects. This study focuses on evaluating the antimicrobial properties of Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein 2 (SlHBP2), an apoplastic protein extracted from tomato plants treated with 1-Methyl tryptophan (1-MT), against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Computational studies indicate that SlHBP2 is annotated as a SOUL heme-binding family protein. Remarkably, recombinant SlHBP2 demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Pst within a concentration range of 3–25 μg/mL. Moreover, SlHBP2 exhibited potent antimicrobial effects against other microorganisms, including Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), and Botrytis cinerea. To understand the mechanism of action employed by SlHBP2 against Pst, various techniques such as microscopy and fluorescence assays were employed. The results revealed that SlHBP2 disrupts the bacterial cell wall and causes leakage of intracellular contents. To summarize, the findings suggest that SlHBP2 has significant antimicrobial properties, making it a potential antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogens. Although further studies are warranted to explore the full potential of SlHBP2 and its suitability in various applications

    Nitrogen‐fixing bacteria, a new challenge for a sustainable agriculture

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    Pòster presentat al XVIII Portuguese Spanish Congress of Plant Biology i XXV Meeting of the Spanish Society of Plant Biology, Braga, 9-12, july, (2023)In modern agriculture, the shortage of nitrogen in the soil is amended by the application of chemical fertilizers that are usually associated with soil, water and environment contamination
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