11 research outputs found
Metal-Free DNA Linearized Nuclease Based on PASP–Polyamine Conjugates
Genome manipulation controlled by small metal complexes
has attracted
extensive interest because of their potential application in the fields
of molecular biotechnology and drug development. However, their medicinal
application is still limited due to the distinct toxicity of the free
radicals generated by partial metal complexes based on oxidative cleaving
processes. Thus, it is still a challenge for us to use metal free
agent to cleave DNA. In this work, we showed that a family of polyamine-grafted
PASP (poly(aspartic acid)) conjugates is able to rapidly induce DNA
cleavage in the absence of metal ions, and obtain a high-yield linearization
product via a hydrolytic path. From the results of detailed control
experiments, it was revealed that the formation of polyamine cation/phosphate
anion pair and free ungrafted nucleophilic groups would be the key
factors to improve DNA linearization. Constructing polyamine conjugates
based on short peptide such as polyamine-grafted PASP, as achieved
here, could provide an attractive strategy for developing mild and
efficient artificial nucleases as well as researching catalytic mechanisms
on DNA chemistry
2015 ヘイセイ 27ネンド カダイ ケンキュウ ダイモク イチラン
The 17030 differentially expressed mRNAs were showed through the RNA-seq analysis between SJSA-1 and G-292 cells, the ratio of G-292/SJSA-1 was also presented, and the target gene AGTR1 also located in. (PDF 11.3 mb
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of The miR-34a-5p promotes the multi-chemoresistance of osteosarcoma via repression of the AGTR1 gene
The interested miRNA and mRNA genes based on the websites and RNA-seq analysis. A dozen of miRNAs were differentially expressed in the multi-chemoresistant OS cells SJSA-1 and the multi-chemosensitive OS cells G-292 and MG63.2 based on the websites, and the ratio over 2 of SJSA-1/G-292 based on RNA-seq-based miR-omic analysis were showed in descending order, has-miR-34a-5p was one of them (A). Reference to similar methods, the downstream genes of has-miR-34a-5p were also showed, the ratio of G-292/SJSA-1 based on RNA-seq analysis were showed in descending order, AGTR1 is located (B). (TIF 88.5 mb
Supported Ni–Al–VPO/MCM-41 As Efficient and Stable Catalysts for Highly Selective Preparation of Adipic Acid from Cyclohexane with NO<sub>2</sub>
Developing
an economic
and efficient approach for the production
of adipic acid is a grand challenge in the chemical industry. Toward
this goal, we report a simple method for selective synthesis of adipic
acid from cyclohexane with NO<sub>2</sub> by using Ni–Al–VPO/MCM-41
as catalyst. The physical-chemical properties of supported Ni–Al–VPO/MCM-4
catalysts were characterized, the reaction conditions were optimized,
and the reusability of the catalyst was examined. The results showed
that the supported 30%Ni–Al–VPO/MCM-41 catalyst exhibited
excellent catalytic performance with 65.1% of cyclohexane conversion
and 85.3% of selectivity toward adipic acid, especially, its catalytic
performance was still stable after five runs. Maybe this developed
method has potential industrial application prospects for production
of adipic acid
Phylogeny and Molecular Evolution Analysis of PIN-FORMED 1 in Angiosperm
<div><p>PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) is an important secondary transporter and determines the direction of intercellular auxin flow. As PIN1 performs the conserved function of auxin transport, it is expected that the sequence and structure of PIN1 is conserved. Therefore, we hypothesized that PIN1 evolve under pervasive purifying selection in the protein-coding sequences in angiosperm. To test this hypothesis, we performed detailed evolutionary analyses of 67 PIN1 sequences from 35 angiosperm species. We found that the PIN1 sequences are highly conserved within their transmembrane regions, part of their hydrophilic regions. We also found that there are two or more <i>PIN1</i> copies in some of these angiosperm species. PIN1 sequences from Poaceae and Brassicaceae are representative of the modern clade. We identified 12 highly conserved motifs and a significant number of family-specific sites within these motifs. One family-specific site within Motif 11 shows a different residue between monocots and dicots, and is functionally critical for the polarity of PIN1. Likewise, the function of PIN1 appears to be different between monocots and dicots since the phenotype associated with PIN1 overexpression is opposite between Arabidopsis and rice. The evolution of angiosperm <i>PIN1</i> protein-coding sequences appears to have been primarily driven by purifying selection, but traces of positive selection associated with sequences from certain families also seem to be present. We verified this observation by calculating the numbers of non-synonymous and synonymous changes on each branch of a phylogenetic tree. Our results indicate that the evolution of angiosperm PIN1 sequences involve strong purifying selection. In addition, our results suggest that the conserved sequences of PIN1 derive from a combination of the family-specific site variations and conserved motifs during their unique evolutionary processes, which is critical for the functional integrity and stability of these auxin transporters, especially in new species. Finally, functional difference of PIN1 is likely to be present in angiosperm because the positive selection is occurred in one branch of Poaceae.</p></div
Obtaining Chiral Metal–Organic Frameworks via a Prochirality Synthetic Strategy with Achiral Ligands Step-by-Step
Although
some achievements of constructing chiral metal–organic frameworks
(MOFs) with diverse achiral ligands have been made, there is still
a lack of full understanding of the origin and formation mechanism
of chirality, as well as the reasonable principles for the design
and construction of chiral frameworks. The concept of prochirality
in organic molecules and complex systems inspires us to explore the
synthetic strategy of chiral MOFs based on achiral sources. Here,
an achiral compound [Cu(en)][(VO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>1</b>) was isolated in the CuCl<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>4</sub>VO<sub>3</sub>/en system, while further chiral frameworks [Cu(en)(Im)<sub>2</sub>][(VO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>2a</b> and <b>2b</b>) were obtained by the reaction between compound <b>1</b> and another achiral ligand Im (ethanediamine = en and imidazole
= Im). In the present system, compound <b>1</b> has the characteristic
of a quasi-plane structure unit. Further reaction of compound <b>1</b> and the achiral ligand (Im) induced the formation of chiral
Λ/Δ Cu centers, and then a pair of chiral frameworks containing
one-dimensional (1D) helical chains was formed. The chiral symmetry
breaking phenomenon of compounds <b>2a</b> and <b>2b</b> can also be expected and explained based on this kind of prochirality
synthetic strategy
Branch and site models test for ancestral protein sequences of each families (orders) PIN1 genes.
<p>Positively selected sites: 308G(0.914), 311P(0.951), 315G(0.923).</p
Numbers of non-synonymous (n) and synonymous (s) substitutions in four groups.
<p>A phylogenetic tree was constructed using 24 <i>PIN1</i> protein-coding sequences. Shown above each branch is the n/s value. The n/s values for the groups formed by Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and the mixed group including <i>AmtPIN1</i> (and excluding their ancestral branches) are shown below their names. The three solid, red nodes represent the positions of the ancestors of the four groups. N and S are the calculated number of non-synonymous and synonymous sites, respectively. Blue arrows (A–E) indicate branches that have undergone positive selection.</p
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the angiosperm PIN1.
<p>The ML tree was constructed based on the protein sequences of angiosperm PIN1 using MEGA5.2 with 1000 bootstrap replications and <u>Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT) + Gamma Distributed</u> model (Discrete Gamma Categories = 5). These PIN1 protein sequences were searched from Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvales, Malpighiales, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Vitaceae, Caricaceae and Amborellaceae. The scale bar indicates the branch length that corresponds to 0.1 substitutions per site. The species and accession numbers are listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089289#pone.0089289.s006" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.The abbreviations used are as follows: <i>Bd</i>, <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>; <i>Hv</i>, <i>Hordeum vulgare</i>; <i>Os</i>, <i>Oryza sativa</i>; <i>Pav</i>, <i>Panicum virgatum</i>; <i>Sb</i>, <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>; <i>Si</i>, <i>Setaria italica</i>; <i>Ta</i>, <i>Triticum aestivum</i>; <i>Zm</i>, <i>Zea mays</i>; <i>Al</i>, <i>Arabidopsis lyrata</i>; <i>At</i>, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>; <i>Br</i>, <i>Brassica rapa</i>; <i>Cb</i>, <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>; <i>Ch</i>, <i>Cardamine hirsuta</i>; <i>Cr</i>, <i>Capsella rubella</i>; <i>Th</i>, <i>Thellungiella halophila</i>; <i>Ca</i>, <i>Cicer arietinum</i>; <i>Gm</i>, <i>Glycine max</i>; <i>La</i>, <i>Lupinus albus</i>; <i>Mt</i>, <i>Medicago truncatula</i>; <i>Ps</i>, <i>Pisum sativum</i>; <i>Pv</i>, <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>; <i>Fv</i>, <i>Fragaria vesca</i>; <i>Md</i>, <i>Malus domestica</i>; <i>Pp</i>, <i>Prunus persica</i>; <i>Cus</i>, <i>Cucumis sativus</i>; <i>Mc</i>, <i>Momordica charantia</i>; <i>Gr</i>, <i>Gossypium raimondii</i>; <i>Tc</i>, <i>Theobroma cacao</i>; <i>Me</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>; <i>Pt</i>, <i>Populus trichocarpa</i>; <i>Cc</i>, <i>Citrus clementina</i>; <i>Cs</i>, <i>Citrus sinensis</i>; <i>Nt</i>, <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>; <i>Sl</i>, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>; <i>So</i>, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>; <i>Vv</i>, <i>Vitis vinifera</i>; <i>Cp</i>, <i>Carica papaya</i>; <i>Amt</i>, <i>Amborella trichopoda</i>.</p
A model of AtPIN1 secondary structure.
<p>A predicted membrane-spanning PIN1 structure was generated using the topology-prediction program SOSUI (<a href="http://bp.nuap.nagoya-u.ac.jp" target="_blank">http://bp.nuap.nagoya-u.ac.jp</a>). Motifs 18 and 20 are specific to Brassicaceae. The distribution of non-conserved sites and the conserved and non-conserved regions are marked in the model.</p