Review on life cycle of parabens: synthesis, degradation, characterization and safety analysis

In this review, we show the life cycle of parabens, commonly used preservatives that exist in nature and commercial products. Typical synthetic methods to produce parabens, and a set of complimentary characterization techniques to monitor the composition of parabens are also highlighted. This includes solid state analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), in-situ monitoring of crystallization process using Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM), Particle Vision Measurement (PVM), quantitative detection via High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography (GC). An improved understanding of the overall physical, biophysical and chemical properties of parabens and their life cycle, summarized in this article, are vital for the safety control and extensive applications of relevant products in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries

High-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) and POSS incorporated ionic liquid

This paper reported a method to modify polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) particle into POSS ionic liquid (POSS-IL) and its incorporation into ABPBI/H3PO4 system to enhance the proton conductivities and mechanical properties of the membranes simultaneously. It was found that good dispersion of POSS-IL in the polymer matrix increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the membranes. For membranes with the same H3PO4 content, the incorporation of POSS-IL increased the conductivities of the membranes by about two orders of magnitude. The highest conductivity was achieved by ABPBI/10 wt% POSS-IL composite membrane, which was 7.6×10-2 S/cm at 200 °C

Habits and Binds of Mathematics Education in the Anthropocen

<p>(a) A signaling network for cell death regulation [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165049#pone.0165049.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>]. Cell death is enhanced due to DNA damage while inhibited by the signals transmitted from EGFR. The arrow shape represents activation while a flat-head edge means inhibition. Pink nodes denote the species that have experimental measurements. (b) The simulation results of DNA Damage and Cell Death.</p

Novel octopus shaped organic-inorganic composite membranes for PEMFCs

© 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazoles are among the most interesting proton exchange membrane materials for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. As a major challenge the proton conducting decline due to free phosphoric acid leaching during the long term fuel cell operation is addressed by fixing overmuch phosphoric acid in the polymer matrix. Novel organic-inorganic composite membranes are prepared via in situ synthesis of poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) and OctaAmmonium POSS (AM-POSS) hybrid composites (ABPBI/AM-POSS) following phosphoric acid doping and membrane casting procedures. Compared with the pristine ABPBI membrane, the introduction of AM-POSS into ABPBI polymer membrane caused water and phosphoric acid absorbilities increasing dramatically, resulting in the significant increase of proton conductivities at whether hydrous or anhydrous condition. ABPBI/3AM composite membranes with phosphoric acid uptake above 250% showed best proton conductivities from room temperature to 160 °C, indicating these composite membranes could be excellent candidates as a polymer electrolyte membrane for low and intermediate temperature applications

On the security and energy consumption estimation of wireless sensor network protocols

Along with the recent rapid development of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) systems, the range of attacks against WSN routing protocols have grown. As a result, there is an increased need for secure WSN routing protocols. WSN routing protocols should be secured once they are involved in sensitive data transmission. However, secure routing protocols require extra time and energy for security computations. Further, due to the limited power supply of WSN nodes, it is useful to theoretically evaluate the energy consumption of the protocol prior to their deployment. This thesis concerns the energy efficiency of WSN routing protocols and the cost of security in terms of additional energy dissipation. Two new secure routing protocols are proposed and their security is analyzed. Further, the energy consumption of the new protocols is evaluated using estimation methods and empirical measurements. Comparison of these results reveals that current estimation models have significant inaccuracies. A new energy consumption estimation model is proposed that computes the energy consumption of microcontrollers during: security operations, memory read-write operations and radio transceiver actions. Applying the proposed estimation model against the previously analyzed protocols demonstrates that it more accurately forecasts the actual energy consumption than traditional models

Hybrid nanocomposite membranes for high temperature fuel cell applications

Hybrid nanocomposite membranes for high temperature fuel cell application

Stroemungen mit Abloesung

Copy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Additional file 3: Table S3. of A method for identifying discriminative isoform-specific peptides for clinical proteomics application

Pathway analysis for Study II (XLS 34 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of A method for identifying discriminative isoform-specific peptides for clinical proteomics application

Breast cancer plasma sources. (PDF 172 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of A method for identifying discriminative isoform-specific peptides for clinical proteomics application

90 alternative splicing isoforms with statistically significant (q < 0.05) differences between normal breast and breast cancer samples in Study II (PDF 184 kb