Data_Sheet_1_Global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of neurological disorders: The Global Burden of Disease study 1990–2019.docx

BackgroundNeurological disorders are a major and increasing global health challenge, which accounts for a substantial portion of the disease burden worldwide. The aim of this systematic analysis is to present the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of disease burden, epidemiological trends, and attributable risk factors of neurological disorders at global, regional, and national levels.MethodsWe extracted data of 18 neurological disorders from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study database. The burden of neurological disorders was measured using the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and further described according to age, sex, year, geographical location and socio-demographic Index (SDI). All estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).FindingsGlobally, in 2019, there were nearly 10 million deaths and 349 million DALYs due to neurological disorders. Among the 18 neurological disorders, stroke was the biggest contributor to DALYs (143232.18 [95%UI 133095.81-153241.82] in thousands) and deaths (6552.72 [95%UI 5995.20-7015.14] in thousands), followed by neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma. From 1990 to 2019, the DALYs of neurological diseases belonging to the communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional categories showed a sharp decrease, while Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and Parkinson's disease showed a large increase. Neurological disorders exhibited different profiles in different regions and age groups. A significant correlation between the SDI and the age-standardized DALY rates was also found except for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. In addition, risk factors such as high systolic blood pressure, low birth weight and short gestation period, and metabolic risk contribute significantly to neurological disorders.InterpretationThe overall burden of neurological disorders has increased from 1990 to 2019, especially for non-communicable neurological disorders. The substantial variations of burden across regions emphasize the need for region-specific interventional strategies and allocation of resources based on priorities.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of neurological disorders: The Global Burden of Disease study 1990–2019.xlsx

BackgroundNeurological disorders are a major and increasing global health challenge, which accounts for a substantial portion of the disease burden worldwide. The aim of this systematic analysis is to present the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of disease burden, epidemiological trends, and attributable risk factors of neurological disorders at global, regional, and national levels.MethodsWe extracted data of 18 neurological disorders from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study database. The burden of neurological disorders was measured using the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and further described according to age, sex, year, geographical location and socio-demographic Index (SDI). All estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).FindingsGlobally, in 2019, there were nearly 10 million deaths and 349 million DALYs due to neurological disorders. Among the 18 neurological disorders, stroke was the biggest contributor to DALYs (143232.18 [95%UI 133095.81-153241.82] in thousands) and deaths (6552.72 [95%UI 5995.20-7015.14] in thousands), followed by neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma. From 1990 to 2019, the DALYs of neurological diseases belonging to the communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional categories showed a sharp decrease, while Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and Parkinson's disease showed a large increase. Neurological disorders exhibited different profiles in different regions and age groups. A significant correlation between the SDI and the age-standardized DALY rates was also found except for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. In addition, risk factors such as high systolic blood pressure, low birth weight and short gestation period, and metabolic risk contribute significantly to neurological disorders.InterpretationThe overall burden of neurological disorders has increased from 1990 to 2019, especially for non-communicable neurological disorders. The substantial variations of burden across regions emphasize the need for region-specific interventional strategies and allocation of resources based on priorities.</p

Additional file 1 of Association of remnant cholesterol with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and their coexistence: the mediating role of inflammation-related indicators

Additional file 1: Appendix Table 1. The difference in the concentrations of RC, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C between different groups in NHANES 2005-2018 (N=17,749). Appendix Table 2. Demographic characteristics of the total population in NHANES 2005-2018 (N=17,749). Appendix Table 3. Interaction between baseline characteristics and RC in NHANES 2005-2018 (N=17,749). Appendix Table 4. Summary of simple mediation analyses for the relationships between mediator and outcomes, in NHANES 2005-2018 (n = 17749). Appendix Figure 1. Schematic of a simple mediation model

Table_1_The role of rare earth elements and dietary intake in tongue cancer: a mediation analysis in southeast China.DOCX

ObjectiveThe current research aimed to examine how dietary intake and rare earth elements may affect the development of tongue cancer.MethodsThe serum levels of 10 rare earth elements (REEs) in 171 cases and 171 healthy matched controls were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The conditional logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between dietary intake, serum levels of 10 REEs, and tongue cancer. Mediation effect and multiplicative interaction analysis were then performed to estimate the potential contribution of REEs in dietary intake associated with tongue cancer.ResultsCompared with the control group, patients with tongue cancer consumed significantly less fish, seafood, fruit, green leafy vegetables, and non-green leafy vegetables, with higher serum praseodymium (Pr), dysprosium (Dy), and lanthanum (La) levels, and lower serum cerium (Ce) and scandium (Sc) levels. The interaction effect was observed between some REEs and food categories. Green vegetables' impact on the risk of tongue cancer is partially attributed to the La and Thorium (Th) elements (P ConclusionThe correlation between REEs and dietary intakes for tongue cancer is compact but intricate. Some REEs interact with food intake to influence tongue cancer, while others act as a mediator.</p

Vertically Aligned ZnO@ZnS Nanorod Chip with Improved Photocatalytic Activity for Antibiotics Degradation

The photocatalytic degradation for environmentally hazardous substances has been widely explored with the use of various photocatalysts and techniques. It still remains a challenge to achieve efficient degradation and removal of residual antibiotics in the water environment. Here, we report an improved photocatalytic activity chip for degradation of antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride by perpendicular ZnS-coated ZnO nanorod arrays (ZnO@ZnS NAs). The enhanced photocatalytic activity contributed to the polycrystalline ZnS shell’s effective inhibition of the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Meanwhile, vertically aligned ZnO@ZnS nanorod arrays can increase the light harvesting ability by enhancing scattering of light among ZnO@ZnS NAs. On the basis of these findings, an improved photocatalytic activity ZnO@ZnS NA chip has been fabricated by growth of ZnO NAs on a piece of silicon wafer and further sulfurization. More importantly, ZnO@ZnS NA chips have been utilized to construct a ladderlike device, purifying antibiotics wastewater in one step, to effectively degrade tetracycline hydrochloride with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency in flowing contaminated water. In addition, the ZnO@ZnS NA device exhibited excellent recyclability in multiple repeated cycles. The ZnO@ZnS NA chip provided a convenient and fast strategy for removal of antibiotics and pharmaceutical residues in wastewater

Additional file 1 of Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with periodontitis: the mediating role of sex hormones

Supplementary Material

Additional file 2 of Mediation analysis of erythrocyte lipophilic index on the association between BMI and risk of oral cancer

Additional file 2: Supplement Table 1. Multivariable generalized Linear Models of mediation of outcome models

Additional file 1 of Mediation analysis of erythrocyte lipophilic index on the association between BMI and risk of oral cancer

Additional file 1: Supplement Figure 1. Association between the lipophilic index and oral cancer by stratified analysis