2011 data Dryad Prunus S-allele Stoeckel et al.

Observed Parents-offspring S-allele frequencies within populations of wild cherry tree

Disease gradient measured in the field.

<p>Density of lesions (i.e., DL, A & C) and density of resistant lesions (i.e., DRL, B & D) as a function of geographical distances from the central source. Top: ascospores site (A & B); Bottom: conidia site (C & D). The different axis of the experimental design are represented separately using different symbols. DL and DRL are plotted in “log (1+the value)” scale but values are indicated in natural scales.</p

Plots layout of both ascospores and conidia experimental designs implanted in Cameroon.

<p>For the ascospores system (upper panel), the sizes of the squares (schematizing sampling sites) are proportional to the number of trap plants and the number into brackets indicates for each axis the distance between the centre and the most distant sampling site.</p

Mean and longest distance travelled along each direction.

<p>Mean and longest distance travelled along each of the axis of both ascospores (top panel) and conidia (bottom panel) experimental site. Mean distances were obtained from raw data (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103225#pone.0103225.e009" target="_blank">Eqn. 6</a>). Minimum and maximum values are highlighted in bold.</p

Ascospores and Conidia experimental sites model fit results.

<p>Maximum likelihood estimation of the different parameters considering the different dispersal kernels tested. N holds for the number or parameters, LL for maximum likelihood, <i>So</i> is the source strength, <i>μ</i> and <i>v</i> (degree) are the direction of the density and distance anisotropy functions respectively, <i>δ</i> and <i>k</i> are the variability around the mean for the density and distance anisotropy functions respectively, <i>g₀</i> is a constant that cannot be compared between different kernel, <i>b</i> is the parameter of the shape of the tail and <i>τ</i> is the negative-binomial dispersion parameter. R² is the coefficient of determination between observed and predicted densities of resistant lesions. AIC was calculated as AIC = 2*N - 2LL. CI for 95% confidence intervals calculated for the best model only. Best model (<i>i.e.</i>, lower AIC) and significant values of anisotropy functions are highlighted in bold.</p

Anisotropy functions estimated from the exponential power dispersal kernel.

<p>Estimated directional functions (solid lines, A&C for the density and B&D for the mean distance) are compared to their equivalent uniform functions (dotted lines) for both the ascospores (A&B) and conidia (C&D) experimental site. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103225#pone-0103225-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for details on values and statistical support. Directional angles are given in degrees.</p

Observed <i>vs</i> predicted disease gradients.

<p>(A) Ascospore and (B) conidia experimental sites. Dispersal kernels (DK) parameter values are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0103225#pone-0103225-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Density of resistant lesions (DRL) is expressed in a “log (1+ of the value)” scale. Smallest dots represents sites where DRL = 0 and gaps (B) represents missing data due to plants mortality.</p