Supplemental_Tables_for_Angiology_Clean_19Feb2019 - GlycA, a Novel Inflammatory Marker and Its Association With Peripheral Arterial Disease and Carotid Plaque: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Supplemental_Tables_for_Angiology_Clean_19Feb2019 for GlycA, a Novel Inflammatory Marker and Its Association With Peripheral Arterial Disease and Carotid Plaque: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis by Oluwaseun E. Fashanu, Abayomi O. Oyenuga, Di Zhao, Martin Tibuakuu, Samia Mora, James D. Otvos, James H. Stein and Erin D. Michos in Angiology</p

Restricted cubic splines of the associations between logarithmically transformed sex hormones (DHEA, SHBG and T/E2 ratio) and FGF-23.

[The model was adjusted for demographic variables, CVD risk factors and related mineral metabolites of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (In women, the model was additionally adjusted for years since menopause and current use of hormone therapy)]. Difference in logarithmically transformed FGF-23 and proportion of the population are on the y-axis while logarithmically transformed sex hormones are on the x-axis. Abbreviations: DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; T: E2 ratio, Testosterone: Estradiol ratio.</p

Percent difference with 95% CI of the associations between log-transformed endogenous sex hormones and FGF-23 among men, n = 3,052.

Percent difference with 95% CI of the associations between log-transformed endogenous sex hormones and FGF-23 among men, n = 3,052.</p

Flowchart of study participants.

Flowchart of study participants.</p

Percent difference with 95% CI of the associations between log-transformed endogenous sex hormone and FGF-23 among women stratified by use of hormone therapy.

(DOCX)</p

Baseline characteristics of study participants, MESA 2000–2002.

Baseline characteristics of study participants, MESA 2000–2002.</p

Table_1_Associations between endogenous sex hormone levels and adipokine levels in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.DOCX

BackgroundDifferences in sex hormone levels contribute to differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Adipokines play a role in cardiometabolic pathways and have differing associations with CVD. Adipokine levels differ by sex; however, the association between sex hormone profiles and adipokines is not well established. We hypothesized that a more androgenic sex hormone profile would be associated with higher leptin and resistin and lower adiponectin levels among postmenopausal women, with the opposite associations in men.MethodsWe performed an analysis of 1,811 adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who had both sex hormones and adipokines measured an average of 2.6 years apart. Sex hormones [Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)] were measured at exam 1; free T was estimated. Serum adipokines (leptin, resistin, adiponectin) were measured at exams 2 or 3. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between sex hormones and adipokines.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 63 (10) years, 48% were women; 59% non-White participants. For leptin, after adjusting for demographics only, higher free T and lower SHBG, were associated with higher leptin in women; this association was attenuated after further covariate adjustment. However in men, higher free T and lower SHBG were associated with greater leptin levels in fully adjusted models. For adiponectin, lower free T and higher SHBG were associated with greater adiponectin in both women and men after adjustment for CVD risk factors. For resistin, no significant association was found women, but an inverse association with total T and bioT was seen in men.ConclusionOverall, these results further suggest a more androgenic sex profile (higher free T and lower SHBG) is associated with a less favorable adipokine pattern. These findings may provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between sex hormones, adipokines, and CVD risk.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Favorable Cardiovascular Health Is Associated With Lower Hepatocyte Growth Factor Levels in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.docx

Introduction: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine released in response to endothelial injury and a potential biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We examined the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and HGF in a multi-ethnic cohort of adults free from CVD at baseline.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between 2020 and 2021 used MESA baseline examination data (2000–2002) from 6,490 US adults aged 45–84 years. The independent variable was CVH measured by the CVH score and number of ideal metrics. The score was derived from seven metrics: smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose. Each metric was scored 0 points (poor), 1 point (intermediate) and 2 points (ideal). The total CVH score ranged from 0 to 14. An inadequate score was 0–8, average, 9–10 and optimal, 11–14. The dependent variable was logarithmically transformed HGF. We used regression analyses to estimate associations between CVH and HGF adjusting for sociodemographic factors.Results: Participants' mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years. Fifty-three percent were female. A one-unit increment in the CVH score was significantly associated with 3% lower HGF levels. Average and optimal CVH scores were significantly associated with 8% and 12% lower HGF levels, respectively, compared to inadequate scores. Additionally, a greater number of ideal metrics was associated with lower HGF levels.Conclusion: Favorable CVH was significantly associated with lower HGF levels in this ethnically diverse cohort. Interventions aimed at promoting and preserving favorable CVH may reduce the risk of endothelial injury as indicated by lower serum HGF levels.</p

Restricted cubic splines of the associations between logarithmically transformed sex hormones (Total T, Free T and Estradiol) and FGF-23.

[The model was adjusted for demographic variables, CVD risk factors and related mineral metabolites of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (In women, the model was additionally adjusted for years since menopause and current use of hormone therapy)]. Difference in logarithmically transformed FGF-23 and proportion of the population are on the y-axis while logarithmically transformed sex hormones are on the x-axis. Abbreviation: T, testosterone.</p

Percent difference with 95% CI of the associations between log-transformed endogenous sex hormones and FGF-23 among women, n = 2,868.

Percent difference with 95% CI of the associations between log-transformed endogenous sex hormones and FGF-23 among women, n = 2,868.</p