62 research outputs found

    Scattering amplitudes for particles and strings in six-dimensional (2,0) theory

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    We study the scattering of low-energy tensor multiplet particles against a BPS saturated cosmic string. We show that the corresponding S-matrix is largely determined by symmetry considerations. We then apply a specific supersymmetric model of (2,0) theory and calculate the scattering amplitudes to lowest non-trivial order in perturbation theory. Our results are valid as long as the energy of the incoming particle is much lower than the square root of the string tension. The calculation involves the quantization of a (2,0) tensor multiplet and the derivation of an effective action describing the low-energy particles in the presence of a nearly BPS saturated string.Comment: Reference added, typos correcte

    Scattering in D=5 super Yang-Mills theory and the relation to (2,0) theory

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    Compactifying the A_1 version of (2,0) theory on a circle gives rise to five-dimensional, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. In the Coulomb branch, where the SU(2) gauge group is spontaneously broken to a U(1) subgroup, the degrees of freedom are constituted by one massless and two massive vector multiplets. Because of the relation to the six-dimensional (2,0) theory, we are then interested in scattering processes where both the in-state and the out-state consist of one massless and one massive particle. We show that the corresponding part of the S matrix is determined by the symmetries of the theory up to a single unknown function, which depends on the energy and mass of the incoming particles, together with the scattering angle. Performing a straight forward scattering calculation by means of Feynman diagrams, this function is determined to leading order in a low-energy approximation. The result is strikingly simple, and it coincides exactly with the corresponding function in the (2,0) theory.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur

    Changes and Challenges of ERP Implementation in the Context of Procurement and Supply Chain Processes - A Case Study at Maersk Drilling

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    Problem Discussion: The oil and gas sector is not very mature in terms of supply chain management. The chosen case company, Maersk Drilling (MD), has problems with a split IT-­landscape with poor data quality. It has caused problems with inefficient and complex processes with much communication required, parallel information and more. Within procurement it translates to problems in spend management and time wasted with tracing orders. The ERP system plays an important role in supporting information sharing, cross-­functional ways of working and a better overview. By introducing a new ERP system some major changes are expected within supply chain and processes will have to be changed. The ERP project is significant hence there are many stakeholders who may perceive the potential challenges differently. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to dig deeper into how the change with a new ERP system will affect the procurement and supply chain processes at Maersk Drilling. The changes bring challenges as well. The study gives a deep understanding of the perceptions of challenges from the different actors. It is important in order to see if everyone works towards the same goal. Methodology: This thesis is a qualitative single case study. The theory was gathered prior to a pre-­study that was made at the company in order to grasp the problem and come up with the research questions. Thirteen interviews were made and archival data from the company was collected. This provided several sources of data and triangulation was possible. The data collection was then matched with the theory in order to secure that the theory would cover the specific research questions. After that the analysis was conducted where empirical data was compared with the theory. Finally the conclusions from the whole study were drawn. Frame of Reference: The reasoning when setting the theoretical framework was that the ERP project is the start of a radical change in the way of working at MD. Many processes are redesigned or improved. The whole study is within the procurement and supply chain area and with this reasoning we then set up the structure for the theoretical framework containing the three areas; Procurement and SCM, Processes, and ERP. In the latter change management plays an important role since the new system means a major change in the way of working for many persons at the case company. Conclusions: ERP has been an enabler for the changes and the new processes will become more streamlined, standardized and cross-­functional. Increased information sharing will help MD to work more efficient and additional/improved data will give MD an enhanced overview in form of management reporting. The new ERP system was not affecting the level of centralization very much, since the structure of decisions in procurement was not changed. The challenges in implementing these changes have been communicated well between the stakeholders and the view of the challenges is overall unified. Master data was perceived as the biggest challenge, most likely since the project is in the establish phase and that MD has a starting point with very poor data. The data quality is of high importance when migrating data to the new system. MD furthermore needs to look closely at how the offshore personnel perceive the project and how they will meet the changes. The vision was also containing technical and management jargons, which makes it less understandable. Today they use good information and many channels but MD needs to make sure that the communication reaches the end users to achieve buy-­in.Problemdiskussion: Sektorn för olja och gas Ă€r inte sĂ€rskilt mogen nĂ€r det gĂ€ller kunskapen om försörjningskedjor. Det valda företaget för fallstudien, Maersk Drilling (MD), har problem med ett splittrat IT-­landskap och dĂ„lig datakvalitet. Det har orsakat problem med ineffektiva och komplexa processer dĂ€r det krĂ€vs onödig kommunikation, parallell inmatning av data, etc. Inom upphandlingar och inköp leder det till problem med förstĂ„elsen för hur pengarna spenderas och tid slösas bort med att spĂ„ra order. AffĂ€rssystemet(ERP) spelar en viktig roll för att stödja informationsutbyte, tvĂ€rfunktionella arbetssĂ€tt och ge en bĂ€ttre överblick. Genom att införa ett nytt affĂ€rssystem vĂ€ntas stora förĂ€ndringar inom leveranskedjan och processer kommer att behöva Ă€ndras. ERP-­projektet Ă€r sĂ„ pass omfattande och de olika aktörerna kan dĂ€rför uppfatta de potentiella utmaningarna pĂ„ olika sĂ€tt. Syfte: Syftet med studien Ă€r att grĂ€va djupare i hur förĂ€ndringen med ett nytt ERP-­system kommer att pĂ„verka inköps-­ och logistikprocesser hos Maersk. Eftersom ERP-­projektet Ă€r stort med mĂ„nga personer inblandade, kommer det att innebĂ€ra förĂ€ndringar i organisationen och i de roller och ansvarsomrĂ„den som finns. Det Ă€r viktigt att fĂ„ en djup förstĂ„else för de olika uppfattningarna i projektet nĂ€r det gĂ€ller utmaningarna, för att se om alla arbetar mot samma mĂ„l och har samma uppfattning. Metod: Uppsatsen Ă€r en kvalitativ fallstudie. En del teori studerades inför en förstudie som gjordes pĂ„ företaget för att förstĂ„ problemet och komma pĂ„ de forskningsfrĂ„gor som uppsatsen skulle bygga pĂ„. 13 intervjuer gjordes och arkivdata frĂ„n företaget samlades in. Detta gav forskarna flera datakĂ€llor och triangulering var möjligt. Datainsamlingen matchades sedan med teorin för att sĂ€kerstĂ€lla att teorin skulle tĂ€cka de specifika forskningsfrĂ„gorna. I analysen jĂ€mfördes empirisk data med teorin och slutligen sĂ„ drogs slutsatserna frĂ„n hela studien. Referensram: Resonemanget nĂ€r den teoretiska ramen framstĂ€lldes var att ERP-­projektet Ă€r början pĂ„ en radikal förĂ€ndring i sĂ€ttet att arbeta pĂ„ MD. MĂ„nga processer kommer göras om eller förbĂ€ttras. Hela studien Ă€r inom inköps-­ och försörjningskedje-­ omrĂ„det och med detta resonemang skapades sedan en struktur för det teoretiska ramverk som innehĂ„ller de tre omrĂ„dena; försörjningskedjor och inköp, processutveckling och affĂ€rssystem (ERP). I den sistnĂ€mna inkluderas Ă€ven förĂ€ndringsarbete vilket spelar en viktig roll dĂ„ det nya systemet innebĂ€r en stor förĂ€ndring i sĂ€ttet att arbeta för mĂ„nga personer pĂ„ fall företaget. Slutsats: AffĂ€rssystemet har varit en möjliggörare för förĂ€ndringarna och de nya processerna kommer att bli mer effektiva, standardiserade och tvĂ€rfunktionella. Ökad informationsdelning kommer att hjĂ€lpa MD att arbeta mer effektivt och utökad/förbĂ€ttrad data ger MD en överblick i form av ledningsrapportering. Det nya affĂ€rssystemet pĂ„verkar inte graden av centralisering nĂ€mnvĂ€rt eftersom strukturen av besluten i inköpsprocessen inte kommer förĂ€ndras. Utmaningarna med att genomföra dessa förĂ€ndringar har kommunicerats vĂ€l mellan de berörda parterna. Master data uppfattades som den största utmaningen, troligen eftersom projektet Ă€r i etableringsfasen och MD har en utgĂ„ngspunkt med dĂ„lig data. Datakvaliteten Ă€r Ă€ven av stor betydelse vid förflyttning av data till det nya systemet. MD behöver dessutom titta nĂ€rmare pĂ„ hur offshore personalen uppfattar projektet och hur de kommer att bemöta förĂ€ndringarna. Visionen innehĂ„ller teknisk och administrativ jargong, vilket gör det mindre begripligt, och den behöver utvecklas. Idag anvĂ€nder mĂ„nga informationskanaler, men MD mĂ„ste se till att kommunikationen nĂ„r slutanvĂ€ndarna för att fĂ„ dem att anamma det nya systemet

    Thomson scattering of chiral tensors and scalars against a self-dual string

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    We give a non-technical outline of a program to study the (2,0) theories in six space-time dimensions. Away from the origin of their moduli space, these theories describe the interactions of tensor multiplets and self-dual spinning strings. We argue that if the ratio between the square of the energy of a process and the string tension is taken to be small, it should be possible to study the dynamics of such a system perturbatively in this parameter. As a first step in this direction, we perform a classical computation of the amplitude for scattering chiral tensor and scalar fields (i.e. the bosonic part of a tensor multiplet) against a self-dual spinnless string.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures. v2: added discussion on supersymmetry in Ch.

    Free tensor multiplets and strings in spontaneously broken six-dimensional (2,0) theory

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    We first review the representations of the six-dimensional (2,0) superalgebra on a free tensor multiplet and on a free string. We then construct a supersymmetric Lagrangian describing a free tensor multiplet. (It also includes a decoupled anti self-dual part of the three-form field strength.) This field theory is then rewritten in variables appropriate for analyzing a situation where the R-symmetry is spontaneously broken by the vacuum expectation values of the scalar moduli fields. Finally, we construct a supersymmetric and kappa-symmetric action for a free string.Comment: 15 pages, LaTe

    Supersymmetric coupling of a self-dual string to a (2,0) tensor multiplet background

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    We construct an interaction between a (2,0) tensor multiplet in six dimensions and a self-dual string. The interaction is a sum of a Nambu-Goto term, with the tension of the string given by the modulus of the scalar fields of the tensor multiplet, and a non-local Wess-Zumino term, that encodes the electromagnetic coupling of the string to the two-form gauge field of the tensor multiplet. The interaction is invariant under global (2,0) supersymmetry, modulo the equations of motion of a free tensor multiplet. It is also invariant under a local fermionic kappa-symmetry, as required by the BPS-property of the string.Comment: 12 pages, LaTe

    Lagnö (Egentliga Östersjön) 2002–2018

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    Sedan provfiskets start, med undantag för 2015–2017 dĂ„ mört dominerade, har fĂ„ngsten i Lagnö dominerats av abborre, följt av mört, strömming, nors och gĂ€rs. Under 2018 Ă„rs provfiske utgjorde abborre hela 61 procent av fĂ„ngsten och den stora fĂ„ngsten bröt en tidigare nedĂ„tgĂ„ende trend för arten. Strömming, nors, löja och tĂ„nglake har ökat i fĂ„ngsten medan gĂ€dda och gös har minskat. Antalet fĂ„ngade arter per Ă„r har minskat över tid. Exempel pĂ„ arter som tidigare fĂ„ngats men som inte förekommit under senare Ă„r Ă€r gĂ€dda, id, braxen och gös. DĂ€remot har den totala mĂ€ngden fisk som fĂ„ngats ökat över tid. FĂ„ngsten av stora individer har minskat sedan provfiskets start, bĂ„de för alla arter generellt (> 30 centimeter) och för abborre (> 25 centimeter) specifikt. Möjliga förklaringar kan vara ett ökat fisketryck eller en ökad naturlig dödlighet frĂ„n till exempel sĂ€l och skarv. Den trofiska medelnivĂ„n har minskat över tid och Ă€r i Lagnö starkt kopplat till fĂ„ngsten av abborre, den dominerande arten av rovfisk, samt mört. Abborrens tillvĂ€xt har inte förĂ€ndrats över tid. Det antyder att den minskade förekomsten av stor abborre i fĂ„ngsten inte kan förklaras av en lĂ„ngsammare tillvĂ€xthastighet

    Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

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    The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canisfamiliaris) lived(1-8). Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT8840,000-30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.Peer reviewe

    Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs

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    Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry
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