ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN RANTAI PASOK APEL DI KABUPATEN MALANG MENGGUNAKAN DINAMIKA SISTEM

Apple production as a typical fruit of Malang Regency has decreased due to land degradation, land conversion, climate change, and old tree age. This can disrupt the apple supply chain sutainability in Malang Regency. This study aimed to produce simulations of several scenarios for the sustainable apple supply chain development and provide policy recommendations for the apple supply chain sustainability in Malang Regency. The model made consisted of 3 sub models, i.e. economic, social, and environmental. The respondents were 53 farmers, 3 collectors, and 20 retailers. The parameters measured were the profit of farmer, collectors, and retailers, employment, and the area of degraded land. Simulations were carried out in 3 scenarios from 2020 to 2030, i.e. the original conditions (scenario 1), controlling land (scenario 2), and increasing productivity and controlling land simultaneously (scenario 3). The best parameter values were obtained from the scenario 3 simulation results, i.e. adding land by 1.15%/year, reducing the conversion rate to 2.93%, and increasing productivity by 5%/year. This scenario showed that in 2030 yields 4,905,656 kg of apples with profits of farmer, collectors, and retailers were Rp 26,374,922,326, Rp 31,597,327,651, and Rp 27,996,576,448, respectively, employment of 22,349 people/hectare, and a degraded land area of 11.7 hectares. The scenario 3 implementation can reduce the decline in apple land area and productivity over the next 10 years. Policies that can be implemented include providing training and incentives for farmers, strengthening policies on apple commodities, restoring soil, and transitioning to organic farming.Keywords: apple, supply chain, sustainability, system dynamic

ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN RANTAI PASOK APEL DI KABUPATEN MALANG MENGGUNAKAN DINAMIKA SISTEM

Apple production as a typical fruit of Malang Regency has decreased due to land degradation, land conversion, climate change, and old tree age. This can disrupt the apple supply chain sutainability in Malang Regency. This study aimed to produce simulations of several scenarios for the sustainable apple supply chain development and provide policy recommendations for the apple supply chain sustainability in Malang Regency. The model made consisted of 3 sub models, i.e. economic, social, and environmental. The respondents were 53 farmers, 3 collectors, and 20 retailers. The parameters measured were the profit of farmer, collectors, and retailers, employment, and the area of degraded land. Simulations were carried out in 3 scenarios from 2020 to 2030, i.e. the original conditions (scenario 1), controlling land (scenario 2), and increasing productivity and controlling land simultaneously (scenario 3). The best parameter values were obtained from the scenario 3 simulation results, i.e. adding land by 1.15%/year, reducing the conversion rate to 2.93%, and increasing productivity by 5%/year. This scenario showed that in 2030 yields 4,905,656 kg of apples with profits of farmer, collectors, and retailers were Rp 26,374,922,326, Rp 31,597,327,651, and Rp 27,996,576,448, respectively, employment of 22,349 people/hectare, and a degraded land area of 11.7 hectares. The scenario 3 implementation can reduce the decline in apple land area and productivity over the next 10 years. Policies that can be implemented include providing training and incentives for farmers, strengthening policies on apple commodities, restoring soil, and transitioning to organic farming.Keywords: apple, supply chain, sustainability, system dynamic

Analisis Rantai Nilai Berbagai Skala Usaha Ayam Broiler di Kabupaten Jombang, Jawa Timur

AbstrakKabupaten Jombang merupakan daerah potensial untuk pengembangan industri ayam broiler. Tantangan utama pengembangan industri ayam broiler yaitu fluktuasi harga yang tinggi, baik input maupun output. Analisis rantai nilai industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menganalisis peta dan saluran rantai nilai, distribusi biaya dan keuntungan, serta karakteristik pasar. Analisis distribusi biaya dan keuntungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Hayami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan harga yang tidak wajar dan ketimpangan struktur pasar di setiap level rantai nilai. Setiap pelaku usaha industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang memperoleh keuntungan sesuai kontribusi penciptaan nilai dan risiko yang ditanggung, kecuali peternak dan broker. Total keuntungan broker lebih besar, sedang kegiatan penciptaan nilai dan risiko broker lebih kecil dibanding peternak. Fluktuasi harga daging ayam yang tidak wajar merupakan dampak dari penguasaan akses pasar oleh broker dan perusahaan peternakan skala besar. Penguasaan akses pasar menyebabkan distorsi pasar pada industri ayam broiler. Pengembangan industri ayam broiler harus difokuskan pada perbaikan akses pasar, informasi, dan modal untuk meningkatkan daya saing para pelaku usaha.Kata kunci: broiler, fluktuasi, Hayami, keuntungan AbstractJombang Regency is a potential area for the development of the broiler chicken industry. The main challenge in developing the broiler industry is the high price fluctuation, both input and output. Analysis of the value chain of broiler chicken industry in Jombang Regency aims to identify and analyze maps and value chain channels, distribution of costs and profits, as well as market characteristics. Analysis of the distribution of costs and benefits was carried out using the Hayami method. The results showed that there was an unnatural price increase and imbalance in the market structure at each level of the value chain. Every broiler chicken industry businessman in Jombang Regency gets benefits according to the contribution of value creation and the risks borne, except for breeders and brokers. The broker's total profits are greater, while the value creation activities and broker risks are smaller than those of breeders. Unfair fluctuations in chicken meat prices are a result of the existence of market access control by brokers and large-scale livestock companies. Mastery of market access causes market distortion in the broiler chicken industry. The development of the broiler chicken industry must be focused on improving market access, information and capital.Keywords: broiler, fluctuation, Hayami, profi

Rancang Bangun Agroindustri Berbasis Ganyong Sebagai Upaya Penyediaan Sumber Pangan Lokal.

Ketergantungan masyarakat akan jenis pangan pokok tertentu (terutama beras dan terigu) perlu dikurangi dengan menawarkan berbagai jenis pangan alternatif. Indonesia memiliki potensi umbi-umbian sebagai sumber karbohidrat sekaligus bahan baku tepung lokal yang tidak kalah dengan tepung terigu, Oleh karena itu pengembangan pangan lokal akan memiliki nilai strategis, sehingga perlu upaya serius untuk melakukan diversifikasi pangan. Salah satu sumber pangan lokal yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah umbi ganyong. Permasalahan yang ada pada produksi Pati ganyong adalah berwarna coklat sehingga kenarnpakannya kurang menarik apabila diolah untuk berbagai produk. Hal ini disebabkan umbi ganyong memiliki serat dan enzim phenolase yang tinggi sehingga mudah mengalami pencoklatan. Pengkajian perbaikan teknologi produksi pati ganyong sangat diperlukan untuk menghasilkan pati ganyong beserta produk olahannya yang berkualitas. Di samping itu, diperlukan analisa data tekno-ekonomi untuk pengembangan pada Skala industri, sehingga diharapkan diperoleh hasil kajian yang komprehenship. Penelitian ini bertujuan : (1) menentukan optimal proses produksi pati ganyong sebagai upaya perbaikan kualitas pati ganyong, (2) Inovasi dan sosialisasi produk-produk olahan pati ganyong yang dapat diterima konsumen, (3) kajian tekno-ekonomi pengembangan industri pati ganyong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pati ganyong dapat diperbaiki dengan melakukan pencucian secara bertingkat sebanyak 3 kali dengan lama pengendapan 3 jam. Kualitas pati ganyong yang dihasilkan adalah : kadar air 13,14 % ; kadar pati 81,93 % ; kadar amilosa 38,34 % ; kadar abu 0,75 % ; derajad putih 72,4

Analisis Kinerja Rantai Pasok Kacang Mete (Anacardium occidentale Linn) dengan Metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) di PT Supa Surya Niaga, Gedangan, Sidoarjo

Abstrak PT Supa Surya Niaga adalah perusahaan pangan di Gedangan, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur dengan produk utama kacang mete olahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efisiensi pemasok Kediri, pemasok Madura, pemasok Nusa Tenggara Barat dan perusahaan pada rantai pasok kacang mete PT Supa Surya Niaga pada tahun 2014, menganalisis variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai efisiensi, serta mengevaluasi nilai target hasil potential improvement yang harus dipertahankan masing-masing variabel input. Metode yang digunakan adalah Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model DEA-CCR (Charnes, Cooper & Rhodes) orientasi input dengan variabel input yaitu cash-to-cash cycle time, lead time, biaya rantai pasok, serta fleksibilitas. Variabel output yang digunakan adalah kesesuaian standar, pemenuhan pesanan, kinerja pengiriman, dan pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai efisiensi rantai pasok untuk pemasok Kediri 93,675%, pemasok Madura 91,842%, pemasok Nusa Tenggara Barat 96,875%, serta untuk perusahaan 94,708% sehingga nilai efisiensi untuk rantai pasok kacang mete di PT Supa Surya Niaga tahun 2014 secara keseluruhan yaitu 94,275%.Variabel input yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai efisiensi rantai pasok kacang mete untuk pemasok Kediri adalah cash-to-cash cycle time, pemasok Madura dan Nusa Tenggara Barat yaitu variabel input lead time, sedangkan untuk rantai pasok perusahaan adalah biaya. Nilai target hasil potential improvement variabel input cash-to-cash cycle time, lead time dan fleksibilitas secara berurutan untuk pemasok Kediri yaitu 5, 7 dan 3 hari; Pemasok Madura yaitu 5, 7 dan 3 hari; Pemasok Nusa Tenggara Barat yaitu 7, 14 dan 7 hari; Perusahaan 5, 6 dan 5 hari sedangkan variabel input biaya untuk rantai pasok perusahaan adalah Rp1.225.537.523,07. Kata kunci: efisiensi, kacang mete, rantai pasok Abstract PT Supa Surya Niaga is a food company in Gedangan, Sidoarjo, East Java with processed cashew as it is main product. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of Kediri supplier, Madura Supplier, West Nusa Tenggara Supplier and the company itself in the cashew supply chain at PT Supa Surya Niaga in 2014, analyze the variables that most influence on the efficiency, and evaluate the target value from potential improvement that should be maintained by input variable. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-CCR (Charnes, Cooper & Rhodes method with input oriented was used in this study. Input variables used in this study were cash-to-cash cycle time, lead time, supply chain cost and flexibility, meanwhile the output variables were standards conformance, order fulfillment, delivery performance and revenue. The result of study showed that the efficiency of Kediri supplier, Madura supplier, West Nusa Tenggara supplier, and the company itself were 93.675%, 91.842%, 96.875%, and 94.708% respectively. Overall, cashews supply chain efficiency at PT Supa Surya Niaga 2014 is 94.275%. The most influence Input variable on the efficiency were cash-to-cash cycle time for Kediri Supplier, lead time for Madura and West Nusa Tenggara supplier, and cost for the company. The target value from potential improvement of input variables cash-to-cash cycle time, lead time and flexibility in sequence for Kediri suppliers are 5, 7 and 3 days; Madura suppliers are 5, 7 and 3 days; West Nusa Tenggara Suppliers are 7, 14 and 7 days; The company supply chain is 5, 6 and 5 days while the input cost variable for the company is Rp1.225.537.523.07. Keywords: cashew, efficiency, supply chai

Pengaruh Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan

Abstrak Keberhasilan organisasi tergantung pada kinerja karyawan sebagai sumber daya manusia yang merupakan elemen penting dalam mewujudkan visi, misi, dan tujuan sebuah perusahaan. Kinerja karyawan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, antara lain Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dan kepuasan kerja. OCB merupakan perilaku karyawan di luar tugas yang tercantum pada deskripsi pekerjaannya. Lima dimensi OCB adalah altruism, conscuentiousness, sportmanship, courtessy, dan civic virtue. Kepuasan kerja merupakan keadaan emosi seseorang yang menyenangkan atas hasil pencapaian karya, lingkungan kerja, maupun kehidupan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh OCB dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Responden penelitian adalah karyawan PG Krebet Baru Malang. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah stratified random sampling. Pengembangan model menggunakan pemodelan struktural. Pengolahan data menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa OCB berpengaruh positif signifikan baik terhadap kepuasan kerja maupun kinerja karyawan. Makin tinggi kepuasan kerja akan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Kepuasan kerja memediasi sebagian (partly mediation) hubungan antara OCB dengan kinerja karyawan. Kata kunci: Kepuasan kerja, kinerja karyawan, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) Abstract The success of the organization depends on the performance of employees as human resources which is an essential element in realizing the vision, mission, and goals of a company. Employee performance is influenced by many factors, including Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and job satisfaction. OCB is the behavior of employees outside of the job description. The five dimensions of OCB are altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue. Job satisfaction is the emotion of a person who enjoys the results of the work, work environment, and work life. This study aims to determine the effect of OCB on job satisfaction and employee performance. Respondents are employees of PG Krebet Baru Malang. The sampling technique is stratified random sampling. Model development uses structural modeling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that OCB has a significant positive effect both on job satisfaction and employee performance. Higher job satisfaction will improve employee performance. Thus, job satisfaction as partly mediation of the relationship between OCB and employee performance. Keywords: Job satisfaction, performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB

Analisis Produktivitas Sektor Kebun Menggunakan Craig-Harris Productivity Model (Studi Kasus di PT Candi Loka-Kebun Teh Jamus)

Abstrak Perkebunan teh Jamus merupakan salah satu perkebunan swasta yang berada di bawah naungan PT Candi Loka yang terletak di Kabupaten Ngawi. PT Candi Loka menghasilkan produk berupa teh hijau dan bahan teh setengah jadi. Bahan baku yang digunakan diambil dari perkebunan teh sendiri (Kebun Teh Jamus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat produktivitas sektor kebun PT Candi Loka tahun 2015 dan menentukan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas sektor kebun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Craig-Harris Productivity Model dan diagram fishbone. Input yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi biaya tenaga kerja, modal, bahan baku dan input lain-lain yang meliputi biaya maintenance kendaraan kebun dan peralatan kebun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas parsial tertinggi pada tenaga kerja 2,78 , modal 1,22, bahan baku 203,47, dan input lain-lain 67,77. Nilai produktivitas total tertinggi mencapai 0,77. Faktor-faktor penyebab fluktuasi produktivitas antara lain rendahnya motivasi tenaga kerja, berkurangnya populasi pohon teh, teknik dan cara pemupukan yang kurang tepat, adanya kemarau panjang serta sistem perawatan kendaraan yang kurang terencana. Kata kunci: Craig-Harris, produktivitas, teh Abstract Jamus Tea Plantation is one of the private estate which is under the auspices of PT Candi Loka which located in Ngawi. PT Candi Loka produce products such as green tea and unfinished tea materials. The raw material used was taken from its own tea plantations (Jamus Tea Garden). The purposes of this study is to know the level of plantation sector productivity in 2015 and determine the factors that influence plantation sector productivity. The method used in this study is Craig-Harris Productivity Model and fishbone diagrams. Inputs used in this study include the cost of labor, capital, raw materials and other inputs which include the cost of vehicle maintenance gardens and garden equipment. The results of the study showed that the highest partial productivity of labor 2,78, capital 1,22, raw materials 203,47, and other input 67,77. The highest total productivity value reached 0,77. The factors that cause fluctuations in productivity among others, low motivation of the workforce, reduced plant population, techniques and the lack of proper fertilization, the droughts and vehicles maintenance system are unplanned. Keywords: Craig-Harris, productivity, te

ANALISIS PENGUKURAN WAKTU KERJA DENGAN METODE PENGUKURAN KERJA SECARA TIDAK LANGSUNG PADA BAGIAN PENGEMASAN DI PT JAPFA COMFEED INDONESIA TBK

Abstrak Tujuan pada penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan hasil waktu baku secara tidak langsung pada bagian pengemasan dengan metode work factor, methods time measurement, dan maynard operation sequence technique. Hasil pengukuran dengan menggunakan metode work factor diperoleh waktu baku sebesar 10,37 detik/karung, sedangkan methods time measurement dengan maynard operation sequence technique diperoleh waktu baku berturut-turut sebesar 9,10 detik/karung dan 8,26 detik/karung. Perbedaan hasil pengukuran tersebut disebabkan adanya pembagian gerakan-gerakan kerja, satuan unit dalam TMU tiap metode. Pemilihan aplikasi dari salah satu metode dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan perusahaan.Kata kunci: MOST, MTM, semi otomatis, waktu baku, work factorAbstract The purpose of this research is to know the differences of standard time result by indirect measurement on the packaging with work factor, methods time measurement, and maynard operation sequence technique. The obtained results using work factor was 10.37 seconds/ unit. However, the usage of time measurement and maynard operation sequence technique resulting the standard time in 9.10 seconds/ unit and 8.26 seconds/ unit respectively. The difference in the measurement results due to the division of work movements and also TMU units in each method. The application of one selected methods can be ajustedted to the company’s necessity.Keywords: MOST, MTM, semi automatic, standard time, work facto

Students’ ICT literacy and conceptual knowledge correlation: from a genetic course and a gender perspective

The correlation between students’ information communication technology (ICT) literacy and conceptual knowledge from a gender perspective is essential to understanding the causal effects of student learning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the relationship between students’ ICT literacy and conceptual knowledge in a genetics course, especially from a gender perspective. This study employed a descriptive research method that used randomized sampling. The instruments used were conceptual knowledge and ICT literacy test sheets. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlational statistics. The results showed male students have higher ICT literacy than females. Otherwise, male students have a lower conceptual knowledge than females. Furthermore, male students’ ICT literacy and conceptual knowledge showed a strong relationship, while female students showed a weak relationship. The findings support the idea that integrating ICT into genetics curricula might help students develop their ICT literacy and conceptual knowledge more effectively, especially female students