Dental health in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the role of biomarkers in diagnosis

Because the oral cavity is the entrance portal and part of the gastrointestinal tract, oral manifestations occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Oral manifestations of IBD manifest as a systemic complication or extraintestinal manifestation that may precede, exacerbate, or regress with changes in disease severity. Some of these manifestations are aphthous ulcers, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis and others. The oral cavity is one of the most affected areas in patients with CKD - 25-30% of patients. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between dental health and chronic inflammatory bowel disease and the role of biomarkers in their diagnosis. For the period between December 2020 and March 2021 is conducted a systematic analysis of scientific publications in the available databases (PubMed, BioMedCentral, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science), examining the relationship between dental health and chronic inflammatory bowel disease and the role of biomarkers in their diagnosis

Factors influencing the communication between dental specialists and patients

The profession of a dental specialist is complex. It has a social element and can be successfully practiced only if dental doctors have acquired theoretical knowledge and practical communication skills. According to Alan Pease, words make up 35% of a message, and the remaining vocal and non-verbal elements comprise 65%. The aim of the present study is to systematize the factors influencing the communication between dental professionals and their patients. A research was carried out in the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science to obtain the information needed. The keywords used were: influencing factors, effective doctor-patient communication, child communication, and geriatric dentistry. The factors influencing the communication between the dentist and the patient are divided into three groups: factors from the patient’s side, factors from the dentists and their team’s side, and factors pertaining to the working microclimate (working environment) in the dental practice. The age of the patient is one of the most important factors influencing the communication in the dental practice. Another factor that is extremely important is the patient’s health management and competence. In order for the dental practice to be successful and for the patients to be satisfied with the quality of the dental services provided, one of the most important factors is effective communication

Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea. First applications

During the past several years the application of digital health and artificial intelligence in sleep medicine has been developing at an extremely rapid pace. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea can be improved by artificial intelligence, facilitating the clinical work of sleep medicine specialists. Technologies based on artificial intelligence are becoming an integral part of the clinical practice of specialists in sleep medicine and ENT specialists. Artificial intelligence in medicine serves to make the right diagnosis, which is the key to proper treatment. From the literature review of scientific articles on artificial intelligence, the authors conclude that its application in sleep medicine can bring many benefits for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Artificial intelligence supports the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and, even though it demands the right amount of data, which is a hurdle, it will prevent the development of a variety of problems, including severe morning headaches, daytime drowsiness, neurocognitive disorders, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine–The New Reality nowadays

Digital health and artificial intelligence (AI) have been evolving rapidly in recent years. These are the new reality that will bring improvements and innovations to the healthcare sector. It will support the work of health professionals and bring new hope to patients to improve their health. The aim of the current study is to investigate the application of artificial intelligence in medicine. In recent years the innovations in the health sector are immense. The digitalization of information in medicine creates many new opportunities for improving and perfecting the healthcare sector and providing health services at a very high level. AI is successfully implemented in medicine and dental medicine education. Artificial intelligence and digital health are one step forward in modernizing and improving the educational and healthcare system, which would benefit both physicians and patients

Giacomo Puccini—a great composer and a genius

Giacomo Puccini is one of the most renowned opera composers in the world. He continued the work of Giuseppe Verdi. Italian composer Giacomo Puccini was born in Lucca, Grand Duchy of Tuscany on December 22, 1858. In 1880, he entered the Milan Conservatory, where he studied with the famous composer Ponchielli (1834–1886). Puccini began writing his last opera Turandot in poor health. The pains in the throat were very painful and prolonged. He showed symptoms of cancer of the larynx and, in the fall of 1924, the condition of the great composer worsened. On November 4, Giacomo Puccini traveled with his son Antonio to the city of Brussels, where he underwent radiation therapy. After the radiotherapy he temporarily felt better and in Brussels he attended the performance of the new opera La bohème for the last time. Puccini worsened and, on November 29, 1924, he died in Brussels, Belgium. The purpose of the scientific publication about Giacomo Puccini is to draw attention to the topic of diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the larynx. In most cases of cancer of the larynx, as well as in 90% of cases of head and neck cancer, prevention is possible thanks to lifestyle changes to avoid carcinogenic factors. We must emphasize that timely diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is a key to its therapy. Cancer of the larynx is curable in more than 70% of cases if diagnosed early. The diagnosis is made by an otorhinolaryngologist, who must do an endoscopic examination of the larynx

Biomaterials used in orthodontics

In recent years, orthodontic dental medicine has progressed at a rapid pace as a result of the use and enhancement of biomaterials. Innovations and improvements in biomaterials have a great impact on orthodontic practice, with significant changes in recent years in the types of materials used as well as their biomechanical requirements. Different types of metals, alloys, polymers, composites, self-polymerizing acrylic plastics are used to create orthodontic materials and appliances. Each of the biomaterials used has its advantages over the others in a particular situation. It is extremely important to evaluate the physical and biomechanical properties of biomaterials in order to achieve predictable results that meet the objectives of orthodontic treatment. From the research it has come to the conclusion that orthodontic dental medicine, like other areas of dentistry, is greatly influenced by the improvements and enhancements of the biomaterials used. Digital technologies, computer design and manufacturing are an integral part of modern orthodontics. New technologies have a great impact on biomaterials used in orthodontics. The right choice of biomaterials for making orthodontic appliances is the key to successful treatment

The relationship between wearing protective masks and poor oral health

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of people wearing masks in everyday life has increased. At the same time, there has been a noticeable rise in the amount of patients with bad breath (foetor ex ore), gingivitis, caries, and xerostomia. The appearance of these symptoms and diseases caused by wearing a mask is designated by the term mask mouth. Тhe aim of this article is to establish the link between wearing protective masks and deteriorating oral health. From the conducted research, it has been established that wearing a surgical mask over a long period of time leads to reduced air exchange in the mask and “recycling” of exhaled air. This leads to inhalation of air with increased CO2 content and increase in pCO2 in the blood, which is subsequently compensated by rapid and deep breathing in most cases through the mouth. The goal is to exhale the accumulated CO2. As the mask reduces air exchange, the level of CO2 in the mask remains relatively high. Prolonged breathing through the mouth often leads to xerostomia. Saliva is known to have protective functions against the development of bacteria in the oral cavity through its antibacterial properties. Xerostomia can be a prerequisite for the development of various diseases of bacterial origin, such as gingivitis. Furthermore, oral respiration leads to an increase in temperature and CO2 in the air in the mask and a decrease in pH in the oral cavity, which are optimal conditions for biofilm formation, plaque buildup, development of most bacteria, e.g., S. mutans, which is the main cause of caries

The influence of Sleep bruxism and OSAS on dental health

Introduction: Sleep bruxism (SB) presents as repetitive bracing or thrusting movements of the mandible, encompassing teeth clenching or grinding, which affects oral health. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder during which total or partial airway obstructions appear during sleep, leading to arousals in response to respiratory effort. In the highly prevalent nowadays obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients suffer from repeated airway collapses. This can cause various disorders: daytime sleepiness and drowsiness, cognitive disorders, problems with the cardiovascular and metabolic systems.Aim: The present study aims to investigate the influence of SB and OSAS on dental health.Materials and Methods: For the period January 2020–March 2021, in the available databases (PubMed, BioMedCentral, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science), a systematic analysis of scientific publications has been conducted examining the influence of SB and OSAS on dental health.Results: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a clinical risk factor for SB. It can lead to tooth attrition and abrasion, fractures, hypersensitivity, periodontal diseases, dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint or muscles of mastication (including hypertrophy), headaches and poor quality of sleep. Malocclusions are connected to SB. Authors report that symptoms of apnea and clenching are more frequent in OSAS patients.Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and SB lead to dental health problems, which are encountered in the dental office