Towards Realistic Implementations of Large Imaging Calorimeters

The next generation of collider detectors will most likely make full use of Particle Flow algorithms, requiring precision tracking and imaging calorimeters. The latter, with granularity 2 to 3 orders of magnitude above existing devices, have been developed during the last 15 years by the CALICE collaboration and are now approaching maturity. The state-of-the-art and the remaining challenges will be presented for all the investigated readouts: silicon diodes and scintillator for a tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, gaseous with semi-digital readout and scintillator with SiPM readout for a hadronic one. We will describe the commissioning, including beam tests, of large scale technological prototypes of a silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter and hadron calorimeters featuring either a gaseous medium or scintillator with SiPM as an active material. Where applicable, raw performances of calorimeter such as energy resolution and linearity will be presented but also studies exploiting the distinct features of granular calorimeters regarding pattern recognition. Beyond these prototypes, the design of experiments addressing the requirements and potential of imaging calorimetry will be commented on. In addition, less established but promising techniques for dedicated devices will be highlighted

Toward Realistic Implementations of Large Imaging Calorimeters

The next generation of collider detectors will most likely make full use of Particle Flow algorithms, requiring precision tracking and imaging calorimeters. The latter, with granularity 2 to 3 orders of magnitude above existing devices, have been developed during the last 15 years by the CALICE collaboration and are now approaching maturity. The state-of-the-art and the remaining challenges will be presented for all the investigated readouts: silicon diodes and scintillator for a tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, gaseous with semi-digital readout and scintillator with SiPM readout for a hadronic one. We will describe the commissioning, including beam tests, of large scale technological prototypes of a silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter and hadron calorimeters featuring either a gaseous medium or scintillator with SiPM as an active material. Where applicable, raw performances of calorimeter such as energy resolution and linearity will be presented but also studies exploiting the distinct features of granular calorimeters regarding pattern recognition. Beyond these prototypes, the design of experiments addressing the requirements and potential of imaging calorimetry will be commented on

Detection of phosphatidylethanol after ethanol intake with targeted blood alcohol concentrations of 0.6 g/kg and 0.75 g/kg

Alcohol consumption is widespread in most western countries such as Germany and a relevant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Sensitive detection of alcohol consumption using suitable markers is therefore of central importance for clinical and forensic diagnostics. Direct alcohol markers are non-oxidative products of ethanol, which are produced in the body during the degradation of ethanol and provide high sensitivity and specificity. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a promising marker for detecting alcohol consumption in the past days to weeks. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum amount of ethanol for a single alcohol consumption that leads to a detectable increase in blood PEth concentration. Therefore, 12 participants were recruited and, after four weeks of abstinence, drinking tests were carried out with target blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0.6 g/kg and 0.75 g/kg. The PEth samples were obtained as dried-blood spots on the test day and the three following days and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The result of the study were a detectable increase of PEth in the blood above limit of detection after both drinking events in all participants and an increase in PEth above the cutoff concentration for abstinence of 20 ng/mL in 9/12 (75%) and 7/12 (58%) participants, respectively, from a minimum BAC of 0.48 g/kg. These results make PEth appear promising as a marker for controlled moderate alcohol consumption

International Large Detector: Interim Design Report

The ILD detector is proposed for an electron-positron collider with collision centre-of-mass energies from 90~\GeV~to about 1~\TeV. It has been developed over the last 10 years by an international team of scientists with the goal to design and eventually propose a fully integrated detector, primarily for the International Linear Collider, ILC. In this report the fundamental ideas and concepts behind the ILD detector are discussed and the technologies needed for the realisation of the detector are reviewed. The document starts with a short review of the science goals of the ILC, and how the goals can be achieved today with the detector technologies at hand. After a discussion of the ILC and the environment in which the experiment will take place, the detector is described in more detail, including the status of the development of the technologies foreseen for each subdetector. The integration of the different sub-systems into an integrated detector is discussed, as is the interface between the detector and the collider. This is followed by a concise summary of the benchmarking which has been performed in order to find an optimal balance between performance and cost. To the end the costing methodology used by ILD is presented, and an updated cost estimate for the detector is presented. The report closes with a summary of the current status and of planned future actions

The ILD detector at the ILC

The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept which has been developed for the electron-positron collider ILC. The detector has been optimized for precision physics in a range of energies between 90 GeV and 1 TeV. ILD features a high precision, large volume combined silicon and gaseous tracking system, together with a high granularity calorimeter, all inside a 3.5 T solenoidal magnetic field. The paradigm of particle flow has been the guiding principle of the design of ILD. In this document the required performance of the detector, the proposed implementation and the readiness of the different technologies needed for the implementation are discussed. This is done in the framework of the ILC collider proposal, now under consideration in Japan, and includes site specific aspects needed to build and operate the detector at the proposed ILC site in Japan