Cross-tabulation of birth outcomes and maternal blood cadmium and cotinine levels.

<p>Note: The percentages in the total column are reported column-wise, all other percentages in this table are row-wise. Blood cadmium levels: low – ≤0.28 µg/L, medium – 0.29–0.49 µg/L, high – ≥0.50 µg/l.</p><p>Cross-tabulation of birth outcomes and maternal blood cadmium and cotinine levels.</p

Adjusted estimates and standard errors for continuous birth outcomes.

<p>Note: estimates are adjusted for the other model covariates; infant's sex was excluded as a covariate from the birth weight percentile for gestational age model since the birth weight percentiles are sex-adjusted. Blood cadmium levels: low – ≤0.28 µg/L, medium – 0.29–0.49 µg/L, high – ≥0.50 µg/l.</p><p>* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p<0.001.</p><p>Adjusted estimates and standard errors for continuous birth outcomes.</p

Study population characteristics.

<p>Note: Percentages are reported as column-wise. Blood cadmium levels: low – ≤0.28 µg/L, medium – 0.29–0.49 µg/L, high – ≥0.50 µg/l.</p><p><i>*</i> p-values represent results from chi-square tests.</p><p>Study population characteristics.</p

Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for dichotomous birth outcomes.

<p>Note: estimates are adjusted for the other model covariates; LBW – low birth weight, SGA – small for gestational age, PTB – preterm birth; Blood cadmium levels: low – ≤0.28 µg/L, medium – 0.29–0.49 µg/L, high – ≥0.50 µg/l.</p><p>* p<0.05, ***p<0.001.</p><p>Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for dichotomous birth outcomes.</p