Why to eliminate/eradicate: costs, benefits and economic evaluations of eliminating/eradicating infectious diseases.

<p>Abbreviations: CBA = cost-benefit analysis; DALY = disability-adjusted life year; CEA = cost-effectiveness analysis; MDA = mass drug administration; GPEI = global polio eradication initiative; KA = kala-azar; GPELF = global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis; VL = visceral leishmaniasis.</p><p>Why to eliminate/eradicate: costs, benefits and economic evaluations of eliminating/eradicating infectious diseases.</p

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Diagram.

<p>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Diagram.</p

Unit costs per treatment per period for the control, elimination, and eradication scenarios, both financial and economic and only financial.

<p>Unit costs per treatment per period for the control, elimination, and eradication scenarios, both financial and economic and only financial.</p

Average unit costs across endemic African countries.

<p>^* Average unit costs across national averages for endemic African countries with budgets available</p><p>^% Agriculture value added per worker [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref017" target="_blank">17</a>], 2012 GDP per capita [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]</p><p>^& IEC: Information/Education/Communication</p><p>^@ Data from Wanji et al. 2009 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>]</p><p>^# Based on the APOC budget plan for 2008–2015 and Sightsavers’s strategic plan for 2011–2021 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>,<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>]</p><p><u>Note: all capital costs for non-disposable goods were annuitized with 3% over six years.</u></p><p>Average unit costs across endemic African countries.</p

Annual and cumulative financial and economic costs over 2013–2045 for the control, elimination, and eradication scenarios.

<p>Annual and cumulative financial and economic costs over 2013–2045 for the control, elimination, and eradication scenarios.</p

Micro-costing method for estimating total costs for a project.

<p>* For financial costs, capital and administrative costs are evenly split to CDTi and surveillance for the years when both CDTI and surveillance are implemented, and support costs for (post) conflict areas are evenly split over the entire period.</p

One-way sensitivity analysis for cumulative financial and economic costs over 2013–2045.

<p>One-way sensitivity analysis for CDTi performance parameters and discount rate is deterministic (using the lower and upper limits); that for cost items is probabilistic (using gamma distributions fitted to relevant data).</p

Cumulative financial costs of CDTi and surveillance over 2013–2045 for the control, elimination, and eradication scenarios.

<p>CN: control scenario, EL: elimination scenario, ER: eradication scenario</p

Endemic African countries: GDP per capita, health expenditure (total, out of pocket), population living in endemic areas.

<p>GDP per capita, 2012 (USD 2012) from World Bank [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>];</p><p>Total health expenditure (THE), 2012 (% of GDP) from World Bank [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>];</p><p>Out-of-pocket health expenditure, 2012 (% of THE) from WHO [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>];</p><p>Population living in endemic areas (2014) from APOC treatment database (last update:2012) and UN (population growth rates 2013–2014) [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004056#pntd.0004056.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>]</p><p>SD: standard deviation</p><p>Endemic African countries: GDP per capita, health expenditure (total, out of pocket), population living in endemic areas.</p

Why to eliminate/eradicate: The impact of elimination/eradication on economic development, human capital accumulation.

<p>Why to eliminate/eradicate: The impact of elimination/eradication on economic development, human capital accumulation.</p