Supplementary Tables from Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Antinuclear Antibodies in Middle-Aged and Older U.S. Adults

Supplementary Table 1 S1:Weighted Mean or Proportion for Covariates by Levels of Serum Vitamin D in the U.S. population ages 50 years and older in NHANES 2001-2004, N=1012 Supplementary Table 2 S2:Weighted prevalence odds ratios (95% CI) of ANA by serum vitamin D level in the U.S. population aged 50+, NHANES 2001-2004 (N=1,012)</p

Table_1_Free Thyroxine Distinguishes Subclinical Hypothyroidism From Other Aging-Related Changes in Those With Isolated Elevated Thyrotropin.pdf

BackgroundAlthough a finding of isolated elevated thyrotropin (TSH) often leads to treatment with thyroid hormone, it is not specific to a diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism, particularly in older adults. We have previously used longitudinal assessment of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) to distinguish primary and secondary changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, an approach which is impractical for clinical diagnosis.ObjectiveIdentify contemporaneous clinical tests and criteria that predict the longitudinally-derived HPT axis phenotype in those with isolated elevated TSH.MethodsUsing data from Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, participants with over three years of follow up not on thyroid hormone replacement, with a TSH above the reference range and an in-range FT4 at the current visit, and at least 1% per year increase in TSH (mean 6.9% annual increase; n=72), we examined correlations between various clinical factors and the change in FT4 across the phenotypic range from emerging hypothyroidism, with falling FT4, to adaptive stress-response, with rising FT4.ResultsCurrent FT4 level, but not TSH, Free T3, anti-TPO antibody status, age or sex, was significantly associated with phenotype, determined by the annual rate of change in FT4 in those with elevated and rising TSH, both as a continuous variable (β=0.07 per ng/dL increase in FT4; pth percentile of the reference range), as predictive of a phenotype in the first quartile, consistent with subclinical hypothyroidism, while a FT3:FT4 ratio below 2.77 predicted a phenotype in the fourth quartile, more consistent with adaptive stress-response.ConclusionsIn those with isolated elevated TSH, a FT4 in the lowest quartile of the reference range differentiates those with developing hypothyroidism from other HPT-axis aging changes.</p

Population characteristics by baseline olfaction status (n = 2161).

Population characteristics by baseline olfaction status (n = 2161).</p

Olfactory function in relation to CKD hospitalization during 12 years of follow-up (n = 2531).

Olfactory function in relation to CKD hospitalization during 12 years of follow-up (n = 2531).</p

Association of baseline olfactory function with eGFR 7 years later.

Association of baseline olfactory function with eGFR 7 years later.</p

Joint model estimates of the differences in CESD-10 score between a PD case and its expected value had the participant not developed PD ^a.

Joint model estimates of the differences in CESD-10 score between a PD case and its expected value had the participant not developed PD a.</p

Mean difference in CESD-10 score before and after PD diagnosis.

Y-axis represents the mean difference of CESD-10 score of a PD case versus its expected value had the participant not developed PD. The blue band represents the 95% confidence interval. Model adjusted for the linear and quadratic terms of clinic visit year, baseline age, sex, race, study site, and education, and the time-varying marital status, general health status, smoking status, and antidepressant use, and accounting for the competing risks of non-participation and death. PD: Parkinson’s disease; CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.</p

Olfactory function in relation to incident CKD during 7 years of follow-up^a (n = 1033).

Olfactory function in relation to incident CKD during 7 years of follow-upa (n = 1033).</p

Association of olfactory function with eGFR at baseline.

Association of olfactory function with eGFR at baseline.</p

Analytic samples sizes for various analyses.

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