Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Naphtholic and Phenolic Azo Dyes

Azo dyes are extremely important in variety of industries for variety of technical purposes. Hence, a series of naphtholic azo dyes 1-9 were synthesized via diazotization of substituted aniline derivatives followed by azo coupling with 2-naphthol. In similar manner, diazotization followed by azo coupling with phenol afforded phenolic azo dyes 10-17 in excellent yields. The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed using analytical data and spectroscopic technique which include Uv-visible, IR, Mass spectra, 1H- and 13C-NMR

Nutritive Value of Sorghum Ogi Fortified with Groundnut Seed (Arachis) hypogaea

The utilization of groundnut seed as a constituents of sourghum ogi was investigated by preparing mixtures of ogi with increasing level of groundnut in 0, 25, 50, 70 and 100% addition. The product, sorghum groundnut-ogi was evaluated for proximate composition, titratable acidity and vitamins B. A taste panel evaluation was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of the products. The data obtained indicated an increase in protein, ash, and fat content. There were no apparent effect of groundnut addition of pH and titratable acidity in the mixtures. The taste panel evaluation and the amylograph pasting characteristics of the groundnut-ogi blends concluded that blends with 50% groundnut addition and beyond were acceptable improving the nutritive value of ogi for neonate

Complex-Induced Proximity Effect in Lithiation: Unveiling Recent Potentials in Organic Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Heterocyclic Compounds

Reactions that convert carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds into carbon–carbon (C–C) or carbon–heteroatom (C–Y) bonds are attractive tools for organic chemists, potentially expediting the synthesis of target molecules via functional group interconversion. More explorative studies have shown Complex Induced Proximity Effect (CIPE) to be a solutionprovider for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. This might act as excellent pathfinders to new drugs for combating microorganisms’ resistance challenges to old existing drug. So, a constant review into CIPE and lithiation chemistry is crucial because they offer excellent pathways to new heterocyclic compounds which are essential agents in drug design and discovery

Eco-Friendly Impact of Vernonia amygdalina as Corrosion Inhibitor on Aluminium in Acidic Media

Corrosion inhibition effect of Vernonia amygdalina extract on aluminium in 0.5 M HCl solution was studied using gravimetric method at 40 oC temperature. Aluminium coupons of dimension 3x1.5 cm were immersed in test solutions of uninhibited acid and those containing extract concentrations of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 g/L concentration at intervals of 30 minutes progressively for 150 minutes. The results revealed that V. amygdalina could be used as an ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in HCl solution. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extract increases with concentrations in the corrosion media. The surface coverage of the extract obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Hence,the corrosion inhibition effect of the extract was rationalized via adsorption mechanism

Comparison of Three Methods of Digestion for Trace Metal Analysis in Surface Dust Collected from an Ewaste Recycling Site

The recycling of e-waste materials potentially contaminates the environment with heavy metals. Analysing the exact contents of heavy metal in e-waste products is germane for the routine monitoring, risk assessment and regulation of the environment. Therefore, the efficiency of three methods of digestion was evaluated for Cd, Fe, Pb, Cr and Zn by AAS in surface dust from an e-waste recycling site and to recommend the most efficient digestion method. The digestion methods were aqua regia, dry ashing followed by aqua regia and nitric acid digestion followed by extraction with HCl. Analysis of variance, Student’s t-test and F-test were performed separately for the indoor, outdoor and control dust samples analytical result. Analytical results indicated that the nitric acid digestion followed by extraction with HCl was the most efficient in recovering Pb and Fe based on recovery efficiency. Aqua regia was found to be an alternative method for recovering Pb and Fe based on cost and time effectiveness. Aqua regia was the most efficient in recovering Zn while aqua regia and nitric acid digestion followed by extraction with HCl were satisfactory for the recovery of Cd. Dry ashing followed by aqua regia was found unsuitable for the analysis of these metals in the samples because it recovers relatively little heavy metals and more analysis time

Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation with Equal Scalar and Vector Harmonic Oscillator plus Inverse Quadratic Potential

The solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation with equal scalar and vector harmonic oscillator plus inverse quadratic potential for S-waves have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of the Laguerre polynomials

BASIC ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF SELECTED STREAMS AND THEIR WATER QUALITY IN ADO-EKITI (SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA) AND ITS NEIGHBOURING VILLAGES.

Water samples were collected from ten (10) streams at different locations within Ado-Ekiti and its environ in Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria. The samples were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties. The samples under investigation has pH within the range 7.6 to 8.2; total hardness 8.0 mg/l to 196.0 mg/l; Calcium and Magnesium hardness 1.6 mg/l to 76.0 mg/l and 0.49 mg/l to 19.93 mg/l respectively; total solids 0.2 mg/l to 1.2 mg/l; total suspended and total dissolved solids 0.00 to 0.06 mg/l, 0.14 mg/l to 1.16 mg/l respectively; free carbondioxde 3.74 × 10-3 mg/l to 5.72 × 10-3 mg/l; phenolphthalein acidity 9.0 mg/l to 15.0 mg/l; conductivity 4.0 μScm-1 to 570 μScm-1. The metal analysis results from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) are as follows: Sodium (2.7 mg/l to 60.1 mg/l), Potassium (4.0 mg/l to 52.0 mg/l), Zinc (0.80 mg/l to 1.51 mg/l), Calcium (1.60 mg/l to 76.0 mg/l), Iron and Lead were not detected in the sample considered

Equilibrium Studies of the Reaction of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Haemoglobin Sulphydryl Groups with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate): Tertiary Conformational Change in Turkey Haemoglobin Induced by Inositol hexakisphosphate

The red blood cell of turkey contains two haemoglobin types, major and mi-nor components. In the present study, the equilibrium constant, Kequ, for the reaction of 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate), DTNB, with the sulphydryl group of the major turkey aquomethaemoglobin was determined at 25°C as a function of pH. Kequ varies by about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude between pH 5.6 and 9.0 for both haemoglobin [stripped and in the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate (inositol-P6)]. Calculations from the pH dependence of Kequ showed that in the r ⇌ t tertiary conformational transition of aquomethae-moglobin, the t isomer population was 0.26 %. In the presence of inositol-P6, the t isomer population increased to 9.08 %. The results showed that while inositol-P6 increased the relative population of the t tertiary conformation by changing the relative distribution of two protein conformations, it had no effect on Kequ. The effect of Inositol-P6 on the nature and number of groups linked to the DTNB reaction was also determined

Inhibitive properties of Carica papaya leaf extract on Aluminium in 1.85M HCl

The inhibition of aluminium metal corrosion in 1.85 M hydrochloric acid solution using extract of Carica papaya leaf was studied using gasometric technique. Aluminium coupons were immersed in test solutions of un-inhibited 1.85 M HCl and those containing extract concentrations of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % (v/v) at room temperature. The volume of hydrogen gas evolved as a result of the rate of reaction between aluminium coupons and the acid extracts was recorded. The inhibition efficiency of the extract was determined and the adsorption isotherm of the process was estimated using Temkin, Freundlich, Frumkin and Langmuir adsorption theories. The microstructure examination was also determined. The result of the investigation induced that the Carica papaya leaf extract retarded the acid induced corrosion of aluminium with a reduction in the volume of hydrogen gas evolved per increasing extract concentrations. The adsorption studies revealed Langmuir isotherm as the best model for the adsorption of Carica papaya extract (R2 =1) on aluminium surface. The adsorption result with the microstructure of the coupons implied an involvement of chemisorption process in the interaction of the extract with aluminium metal