HLA polymorphism in Malay sub-ethnic groups in peninsular Malaysia[R5-130.5].

Di dalam kajian ini, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) kelas I dan II telah dianalisa dengan menggunakan kaedah pencetus penjujukan khusus (Sequence Specific Primer) di kalangan 176 individu yang tiada pertalian kekeluargaan dari 6 kumpulan sub-etnik Melayu di Semenanjung Malaysia: In this study, the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and II were examined through Sequence Specific Primer (SSP) typing in 176 unrelated individuals from 6 Malay sub-ethnic groups of Peninsular Malaysia

Hla Polymorphism In Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups In Peninsular Malaysia.

Di dalam kajian ini, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) kelas I dan II telah dianalisa dengan menggunakan kaedah pencetus penjujukan khusus (Sequence Specific Primer) di kalangan 176 individu yang tiada pertalian kekeluargaan dari 6 kumpulan sub-etnik Melayu di Semenanjung Malaysia: Kelantan (n=25), Minangkabau (n=34), Jawa (n=30), Bugis (n=31), Banjar (n=33) dan Rawa (n=23). In this study, the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and II were examined through Sequence Specific Primer (SSP) typing in 176 unrelated individuals from 6 Malay sub-ethnic groups of Peninsular Malaysia: Kelantan (n=25), Minangkabau (n=34), Jawa (n=30), Bugis (n=31), Banjar (n=33) and Rawa (n=23)

Classification of Haplogroup C and Haplogroup D in Modern Malay and Chinese population of Peninsular Malaysia

Mitochondrial DNA analysis is carried out for 45 samples from modem Malay and 44 samples from modem Chinese populations of Peninsula Malaysia. The mitochondrial DNA coding region variation of these samples was examined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. From the analysis of Alu I site gain nucleotide position 10397, 37.78% of modem Malay population of peninsular Malaysia belongs to superhaplogroup M while 4 7. 73% of the modem Chinese belong to superhaplogroup M. Superhaplogroup M is further divided into several haplogroup, which are defined by the presence of specific RFLP markers. Haplogroup C and Haplogroup D are determined by the presence of Alu l restriction site at the nucleotide position 13 262 and the absence of Alu 1 restriction site at the nucleotide position 5 176. For Modem Malay population, only 8.89% of the sample belongs to the haplogroup D while none belong to the haplogroup C. For modem Chinese population of peninsular Malaysia, 4.65% of the samples belong to haplogroup C and 6.82% of the samples belong to the haplogroup D

Molecular approaches to tissue transplantation and transfusion medicine in Maori and Polynesians in New Zealand

My thesis is focused on using new and existing molecular technologies to survey immune system (i.e. HLA, KIR and MICA), blood group and HPA genes in Polynesian and Maori subjects. I have compiled large datasets for these individuals including first ever molecular typing blood group, HPA and MICA. I have also compared my data with those from previous genetic studies of KIR and HLA for the four Polynesian sub-populations and HLA for Maori. Combined with previous information in a small scale meta-analysis, the results presented here were interpreted for the first time in the light of new theories about the hybrid origin of Proto-Polynesians via gender-biased gene flow between Austronesian-speaking Mongoloids and Papuan-speaking Australoids. Phylogenetic and principal component/coordinate analyses show that Polynesian sub-populations are closer to each other and are end populations of the great Austronesian Diaspora. Estimation based on HLA class I and II allele frequencies show a wide range (55:45 to 90:10) of ASM:P-SA ancestral fractions in Maori and other Polynesians. The same phenomenon was observed for blood group, HPA and KIR data. Thus, findings from the present study generally support the account deduced from Y-chromosome, mtDNA and genome wide SNP data, and are in accord with the emergent picture from linguistics and archaeology studies. The data collected bear more or less directly on questions of health including tissue matching for transfusion and transplant surgery, disease resistance and the relative incidence of autoimmune disease in these ethnic groups. Tissue matching of HLA, MICA, KIR, blood group and HPA is a fundamental element in transfusion and transplant surgery and it is vital that these technologies take accurate account of the ethnic origins of both donors and recipients. This is important due to significant differences between Polynesians and people of European origin, who form the majority segment of the modern day multi-ethnic country of New Zealand. The prevalence of HLA, MICA, KIR, blood group and HPA and their potential influence on the health of modern day Maori and Polynesians were also discussed. This study was intentionally designed to validate new molecular blood group and HPA typing methods in Polynesian and Maori populations. Scores for the other loci are based on the application of pre-existing technologies. Validation using three different blood group and HPA genotyping methods (i.e. PCR-SSP, SBT and SNP assay) gave 100% concordance and thus reflects the accuracy of the new DNA-based methods. Overall, molecular genotyping does seem to offer the opportunity to improve the efficiency of high quality transfusion services, but should include all known variants that are associated with serological expression. In conclusion, the present molecular genetics study has successfully compiled new HLA, MICA, blood groups, HPA and KIR datasets for Polynesians and Maori, used the datasets for dual analyses of ancestry and health, and demonstrated the reliability of current genotyping platforms that would suit well the needs of transfusion and transplantation centres. In general, this thesis has strongly endorsed the indigenous biomedicine approach, and particularly will be valuable to Asia-Pacific populations of Austronesian peoples

Novel Bioactive Compounds From Marine Sources as a Tool for Functional Food Development

The marine environment is a relatively unexplored source of functional ingredients that can be used in food processing, storage, and fortification in a variety of ways. Marine microorganisms are a possible source of novel bioactive chemicals with potential human utility. Some of these microbes can live in the harsh marine environments, resulting in complex compounds with unique biological properties that can be used in several industrial and biotechnological applications. So far, several marine microorganisms (fungi, myxomycetes, bacteria, and microalgae) have been isolated that produce antioxidant, antibacterial, apoptotic, antitumoral, and antiviral chemicals. Furthermore, it emphasizes the enormous potential for marine microbes to produce very important bioactive chemicals. The main goal of this review is to provide a concise overview of several constituents of marine bioactives. Anticoagulant, anticancer, and hypocholesterolemic effects have been demonstrated for bioactive peptides extracted from fish protein hydrolysates, as well as algal fucans, galactans, and alginates. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids are abundant in fish oils and marine microorganisms, while potent antioxidants such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds can be found in crustaceans and seaweeds. This review focuses on the potential use of marine-derived chemicals as functional food ingredients for health maintenance and chronic disease prevention, based on their bioactive qualities

Characterisation of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Casualties Caused by Wildlife Attacks in Peninsular Malaysia

INTRODUCTION: This study examines human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in Peninsular Malaysia, a consequence of human population expansion, natural resource demand, deforestation, resettlement, infrastructure development, urbanization, and agricultural land growth. We analyze HWC incidents and human casualty statistics from wildlife attacks recorded by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, between 2011-2018 and 2008-2019, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected on HWC cases reported to the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia (locally known as PERHILITAN), from 2011 to 2018. This data underwent processing, analysis, and presentation in tables and bar charts. RESULTS: There was an increasing trend in reported HWC cases from 2012 to 2018 (5,602 to 7,967 cases). The majority of these incidents in Peninsular Malaysia involved mammalian species such as the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), wild boar (Sus scrofa), elephant (Elephas maximus), civets (Viverridae family), and pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), totaling 33,198, 6,614, 3,797, 3,219, and 2,232 cases respectively. Notably, snakes accounted for over 80% of fatalities and injuries. CONCLUSION: This report is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of HWC cases and casualties due to wildlife attacks in Peninsular Malaysia. Our findings highlight the urgent need for policy evaluation and improved inter-agency coordination for effective HWC management, wildlife conservation, and reduction of wildlife attack casualtie

Sambar Deer : A Review on Status, Distribution, Conservation, and Commercial Potential in Peninsular Malaysia

Sambar deer (Rusa unicolour) are native to most parts of Asia, including Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, and India. Listed as “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List, the animal has recently been introduced into the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Although they can easily adapt to a wide range of habitats, the population of Sambar deer in the wild has dramatically declined, and this may be attributed to poaching, illegal wildlife trade and habitat loss when jungles are cleared for development. This article provides the status and distribution of Sambar deer in Peninsular Malaysia and protection efforts to conserve this species in the country. It also highlights the potential of Sambar deer commercial farming in Peninsular Malaysia as part of the conservation programme and meeting human deman