The Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding And Diarrhea In Children Aged 6-24 Months At Aek Parombunan Public Health Center, South Sibolga 2019

Diarrhea is a symptom of infection in the intestinal tract with the second death rate in the world in children under five years of age. Risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in children under five are host factors that increase susceptibility to diarrhea, not giving exclusive breastfeeding (ASI), not giving breastfeeding for 2 years, malnutrition, measles and immunodeficiency. Breastfeeding (ASI) contains the best nutrients that match the needs of the baby and exclusive breastfeeding is carried out from birth to the first six months without any additional food or drink. Several studies have shown that the immunity content of breastfeeding is able to coat the gastrointestinal mucosa and protect the digestive tract from incoming pathogens. The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months at Puskesmas Aek Parombunan, Sibolga Selatan in 2019. The research design used was observational analytic cross-sectional with the criteria for the research sample of toddlers aged 6-24 months. The sampling technique in this study used total sampling. The research instrument was a medical record and data analysis used the chi-square test. Based on the results of the study, there was a relation between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea

The Relationship of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior to Taking Care of External Genitalia with Leucorrhea Incident in The Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School Student

Introduction. Reproduction organ is one of the sensitive organ in the body and need special care. Personal hygiene habit is one of the important factor to avoid infection. It is because infection can cause vaginal discharge and cervical carcinoma. Tropical climate in Indonesia lead about 90% of girl teenagers to potentially have vaginal discharge causing bacteria, fungi, and virus easily grow. Objectives. To identify the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge incident on students at Pondok Pesantren Modern Darul Hikmah. Methods. This is a descriptive analytical study with cross sectional design. The data was taken with primary data. Results. Leucorrhoea incidence rate at 103 respondents are 60,2% of normal vaginal discharge and 38,9% of abnormal vaginal discharge. There is a correlation between knowledge of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge (p=0,001). There is correlation between attitude of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge (p=0,018). There is correlation between behavior of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge (p=0,002). Conclusion. There is correlation between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of taking care of external genitalia with vaginal discharge incident on students at Pondok Pesantren Modern Darul Hikmah

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementatiton Against of Periodontal Pocket Depth Changes and Clinical Attachment Loss in Healing Process of Chronic Periodontitis Disease

Introduction: Vitamin D can be beneficial in the treatment of chronic periodontitis as an antibacterial and antiinflamation effect. Its act to elliminate periodontopatogen bacterial and inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators by immunomodulator action of innate and adaptif immunity to resolve the inflamatory process of the periodontal disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D suplementation towards the levels of vitamin D in the blood, as well as to determine periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) in healing process on chronic periodontitis disease. Material & Methods: A total of 45 individuals of chronic periodontitis were colected and randomized divided into three  groups. vitamin D suplementation (placebo, 5,000 IU and 10,000 IU) was gave blindly one tablet per week within 6 weeks to all of the subject after received scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment. All the measurement like periodontal clinical parameters using a periodontal probe and serum vitamin D levels using the ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique were noted before and after SRP treatment. Results: the results showed that there were significant differences of all clinical periodontal parameters in each treatment group compare to placebo group (p < 0.05) but between 5,000 IU and 10,000 IU group showed that there were no significant different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D suplementation at 5,000 IU can supported in chronic periodontitis treatment which provide a new direction in management of periodontal treatment and healing process more rapidly. Keywords: Chronic Periodontitis; Vitamin D Suplementation ; CAL ; PP

Optimization of Nutrition Improvement of Preschool Children in the Pandemic Era in Taman Bermain Tabitha, Deli Serdang

The state of good nutrition affects children's health which has a long lasting impact on forming a healthy generation of Indonesians. Nutritional problems, one of which is stunting, is a problem that is of concern to the state, this situation can be caused by lack of knowledge of the mother or inadequate intake. One of the efforts that can be made to overcome is prepared community service at the Tabitha Deli Serdang Playground in the form of nutritional counseling activities, giving healthy food, demonstrations of healthy food processing and making proper hand washing facilities. The problems reported at partner locations was stunting case were found and health service facilities was distant. Data collection on mother's knowledge about nutrition and healthy food was also carried out through filling out questionnaires before and after service. It was found that all mother's knowledge increased significantly after counseling

Risk Factors Associated with Premature Hair Greying of Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Many researchers have been indicated that premature hair greying (PHG) may be associated with the multifactorial problem include genetic, trace elements deficiencies and some medical problems such as metabolic disorders. However, the risk factors for premature hair greying are not well known for young adult. AIM: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of hair greying in young adult. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study recruited 100 respondents of a college student at the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) with the inclusion criteria: male, less than 25 years old with hair greying and not have skin pigmentation disorders. The questionnaires about greying of hair status, family history of greying and history of family disease were collected by self-report. RESULTS: The age of participants in this study was 20.09 ± 2.01 years (mean ± SD). The mean onset of PHG was 15.23 ± 3.52 years (range: 9 – 22 years). The family history of PHG was 39% with paternal in 262%; maternal in 10%% and both parents in 3%. There was a significant difference between several grey hairs with a family history of PHG P = 0.045. The family history with metabolic disorders; hypertension was 29%, obesity was 25%, and diabetes Mellitus (DM) was 15%. Limitations: Owing to the use of questionnaires, the possibility of recall bias exists. The young female was not evaluated in this study. CONCLUSION: The family history of PHG and onset of greying are important risk factors associated with PHG of a young adult

Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Visual Display Terminal Terhadap Computer Vision Syndrome pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara

  Pendahuluan. Computer Vision Syndrome merupakan sekumpulan gejala penglihatan yang disebabkan oleh paparan Visual Display Terminal berupa computer, smartphone, dan lain lain dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring terpapar Visual Display Terminal dalam jangka waktu yang panjang, membuat mereka rentan terkena Computer Vision Syndrome. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh durasi penggunaan Visual Display Terminal terhadap Computer Vision Syndrome pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Agustus 2022. Sampel penelitian yaitu Mahasiswa aktif Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara tahun ajaran 2019-2021 diperoleh dengan stratified random sampling. Hasil. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji korelasi spearman’s rho rank correlation. Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat adanya hubungan signifikan durasi penggunaan VDT terhadapat CVS (p = 0.03) dengan nilai korelasi yang lemah (d = 0.314). Kesimpulan. Ada hubungan durasi penggunaan lebih dari empat jam secara terus menerus atau pengunaan VDT selama 6 jam terhadap Computer Vision Syndrome, dengan sumber VDT yang paling sering digunakan adalah smartphone

Vitamin D Receptor Immunoexpression in Benign and Malignant Prostate Tumors

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is a major health concern of men. Vitamin D can modulate innate or adaptive immune responses. The anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of Vitamin D are mediated through gene transcription by Vitamin D receptor (VDR), including angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Targeted therapy in carcinoma prostate such as is as calcitriol is an alternative therapy for better treatment outcome. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We investigated VDR immunoexpression in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate adenocarcinoma. The cross-sectional study, categorical analysis of 60 paraffin blocks consist of 30 samples diagnosed as BPH, and 30 samples of prostate adenocarcinoma were divided three grading groups based on Patterns of Gleason: low, moderate, and high grade. Immunostaining was used to evaluate the VDR immunoexpression by histoscore. RESULTS: The results showed that strong expression of VDR was 40% in BPH and 33.33% in prostate adenocarcinoma (p = 0.961). The strong expression of VDR in low, moderate, and high grade was 10%, 3.33%, and 20%, respectively. Statistically, there is no significant different (p = 0.906). CONCLUSION: Positive immunoexpression of VDR affected the differentiation of prostatic adenocarcinoma

Active learning method for health life implementation in new normal era in Tanjung Sari Medan

COVID-19 or Corona Virus Disease 2019 is a virus which has been endemic in 2020 worldwide and has been declared a pandemic by WHO. The spread of virus is fast sharply with an increase in cases every day, including in Medan City. Ten of the sub-districts are destined as the red zone, including Tanjung Sari Village, which is located in Medan Selayang District. The lack of health promotion related to the appropiate use of drugs and changes to a hygienic lifestyle need education in facing the life of the new normal era nowadays. Therefore, community service activities related to education using the Instant Active Learning / Cara Belajar Insan Aktif (CBIA) method need to be carried out to prevent and to deal with the spread of COVID-19. This activity was carried out by providing education materials both in the form of powerpoint and videos to twenty housewives in Tanjung Sari village. The participants were evaluated before and after the program by giving questionnaire to asses their knowledge and uderstanding. The contents of education including the COVID-19 spread prevention way, selfprotection tools, general knowledge to use medicines correctly and a hygienic lifestyle. The materials were delivered by the CBIA method. Data from evaluation were analysed by T-dependent test, p <0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the characteristics of the participants as follows: 9 participants aged 21-30 years (45%), 17 people worked as housewives (85%), as many as 12 people having high school or vocational education level (60%). There was a significant effect on the provision of education on participants' knowledge (p <0.05). This program gained participants knowledge and understanding on prevention way of COVID-19, the correct use of medicines and hygienic lifestyle

Effects of Bean Ethanol Extract (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) on Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Wistar Mice (Micetus Norvegicus) Hyperglycemia

Background: Aloxan tetrahyd micee causes free radicals and higher reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, being able to lead to reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and receptor sensitivity in insulin-receptor cells resulting in hyperglycemia conditions. Bean extract ethanol can reduce oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine bean’s ethanol extract effectiveness in lowering blood sugar levels and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme.Subjects and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study. The samples were mice (Micetus norvegicus) of wistar strains randomized in five groups: P1-negative control, positive P2-control, P-3 ethanol extract group of 200mg / kgBW, P4-group 400mg / kgBW, P5-group 600 mg / kgBW. Dependent variables are blood sugar (mg/ dL) and superoxide dismutase enzymes. The independent variable is the bean extract of ethanol. Differences in blood sugar levels and superoxide enzyme levels of intergroup dismutase were tested by Anova test, followed by post hoc test, to determine the effectiveness of bean extract ethanol.Results: This study showed a statistically significant decrease in blood glucose levels after ethanol extract of green beans 600 mg / kg BW from day 14 to day 28 (p 0.05). Giving ethanol extract of green beans did not affect the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (p = 0.830).Conclusion: Giving ethanol extract of green beans 600 mg / kgBW effectively decrease blood sugar in male wistar mice (Micetus norvegicus) from day 14 to day 28. Giving ethanol extract of green beans 200 mg/ kgBW, 400 mg / kgBW, and 600 mg / kgBW, is not effective to increase the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme.Keywords: Phaseolus Vulgaris L., blood sugar level, superoxide dismutase enzymeCorrespondence: Ade Putra Fratama Sinaga. Masters Program on Biomedics, Faculty of Medicine, North Sumatra University. Email: [email protected] Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(2): 139-145https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.02.0

Pembelajaran TOEFL sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru di MGMP Kabupaten Muara Enim

In Indonesia, TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) learning has become crucial in enhancing English proficiency, particularly for English language teachers across various regions. Proficiency in the English language serves as a key factor in meeting educational quality standards. Therefore, TOEFL training has become a necessary endeavor to support teachers' English language mastery and elevate the quality of instruction in the pursuit of standardized schools. This community engagement aims to provide TOEFL training as an effort to enhance English language proficiency among English teachers in Kabupaten Muara Enim, South Sumatra. The training was conducted online via the Zoom Conference application, with a total of 77 teacher participants. The training curriculum encompassed fundamental TOEFL skills, including Listening, Structure and Written Expression, and Reading. The training process involved several stages, including pre-test assessments, presentations, discussions, mentoring, and post-test evaluations. The results of the training demonstrated a noticeable improvement in TOEFL scores among the teachers. The average initial TOEFL score was 426, with the lowest score at 286 and the highest at 536. After the training, the average final TOEFL score increased to 432, with the lowest score at 296 and the highest at 557. Although the score changes were not statistically significant, they indicate an enhancement in the understanding and English language proficiency of the participants. The training proved effective in elevating English language comprehension among English teachers in Kabupaten Muara Enim. The effective delivery of training materials and interactions with resource persons positively contributed to the teachers' English language proficiency. It is recommended to conduct follow-up activities to assess the application of acquired knowledge after the training. Such initiatives are expected to further enhance the positive impact of the training on the teachers' pedagogical practices. Moreover, similar training activities could be extended to a provincial level, involving a larger number of teachers, thus fostering improvements in the education sector within the region.Di Indonesia, pembelajaran TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) telah menjadi hal yang penting dalam meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa Inggris, terutama bagi para guru Bahasa Inggris di berbagai wilayah. Penguasaan bahasa Inggris yang baik menjadi kunci dalam memenuhi standar mutu pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, pelatihan TOEFL menjadi suatu kebutuhan yang perlu dilakukan guna mendukung penguasaan bahasa Inggris para guru dan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dalam upaya mencapai sekolah berstandar mutu. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan TOEFL sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa Inggris bagi guru Bahasa Inggris di Kabupaten Muara Enim, Sumatera Selatan. Pelatihan ini dilakukan secara daring dengan menggunakan aplikasi Zoom Conference dengan jumlah peserta 77 orang guru. Materi pelatihan mencakup keterampilan dasar TOEFL, seperti Mendengarkan (Listening), Tata Bahasa dan Struktur Kalimat (Structure and Written Expression), dan Membaca (Reading). Pelatihan dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, termasuk pre-test, presentasi, diskusi, pembimbingan, dan post-test. Hasil dari kegiatan pelatihan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan skor TOEFL pada para guru. Rerata skor tes awal TOEFL adalah 426, dengan skor terendah 286 dan skor tertinggi 536. Setelah mengikuti pelatihan, rerata skor tes akhir TOEFL meningkat menjadi 432, dengan skor terendah 296 dan skor tertinggi 557. Meskipun perubahan skor tidak signifikan, peningkatan skor ini menunjukkan adanya perbaikan dalam pemahaman dan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris para peserta. Pelatihan ini terbukti efektif meningkatkan pemahaman bahasa Inggris guru Bahasa Inggris di Kabupaten Muara Enim. Penyampaian materi dan interaksi narasumber berkontribusi positif pada penguasaan bahasa Inggris para guru. Disarankan untuk kegiatan lanjutan guna mengetahui penerapan pengetahuan yang didapat setelah pelatiha