2,226 research outputs found

    Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy in malignant gliomas revisited

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    The cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis and its prospects for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy are major issues in almost all current concepts of both cancer biology and targeted cancer therapy. Currently, (1) sprouting angiogenesis, (2) vascular co-option, (3) vascular intussusception, (4) vasculogenic mimicry, (5) bone marrow-derived vasculogenesis, (6) cancer stem-like cell-derived vasculogenesis and (7) myeloid cell-driven angiogenesis are all considered to contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Many of these processes have been described in developmental angiogenesis; however, the relative contribution and relevance of these in human brain cancer remain unclear. Preclinical tumor models support a role for sprouting angiogenesis, vascular co-option and myeloid cell-derived angiogenesis in glioma vascularization, whereas a role for the other four mechanisms remains controversial and rather enigmatic. The anti-angiogenesis drug Avastin (Bevacizumab), which targets VEGF, has become one of the most popular cancer drugs in the world. Anti-angiogenic therapy may lead to vascular normalization and as such facilitate conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that anti-VEGF therapy using bevacizumab may also lead to a pro-migratory phenotype in therapy resistant glioblastomas and thus actively promote tumor invasion and recurrent tumor growth. This review focusses on (1) mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis in human malignant glioma that are of particular relevance for targeted therapy and (2) controversial issues in tumor angiogenesis such as cancer stem-like cell-derived vasculogenesis and bone-marrow-derived vasculogenesis

    Réussir, mais à quelles conditions? Terminer des études universitaires : les conditions de réussite et le rÎle du collégial

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    Affiche prĂ©sentĂ©e dans le cadre du colloque de l'ARC «Favoriser l’accĂšs et le partage par la crĂ©ation d’un observatoire» lors du 86e CongrĂšs de l'Acfas Ă  l' UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  Chicoutimi (UQAC), les 7 et 8 mai 2018.Trois professeurs du collĂšge LaflĂšche ont rĂ©alisĂ© une recherche en 2016-2017 afin d’étudier les conditions de rĂ©ussite Ă©ducative. Ils ont rencontrĂ© des Ă©tudiants sur le point de terminer leurs Ă©tudes de premier cycle Ă  l’universitĂ©. Au-delĂ  d’une rĂ©ussite scolaire construite sur des donnĂ©es objectives (rĂ©ussite des cours, diplomation), l’objectif Ă©tait d’aborder la rĂ©ussite Ă©ducative en s’intĂ©ressant au discours et aux interprĂ©tations des Ă©tudiants. De mĂȘme, le rĂŽle du collĂ©gial dans cette rĂ©ussite Ă©tait examinĂ©. Une dĂ©marche d’analyse qualitative a Ă©tĂ© entreprise, et 43 Ă©tudiants de l’UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  Trois-RiviĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© rencontrĂ©s. Des groupes de discussion ainsi qu’une enquĂȘte par questionnaire ont conduit Ă  Ă©tablir qu’il existe une vision mĂ©ritocratique des Ă©tudes, axĂ©e davantage sur les qualitĂ©s et les capacitĂ©s personnelles. Quant au rĂŽle du collĂ©gial, aucun consensus ne se dĂ©gage des tĂ©moignages des Ă©tudiants, mais il semble que le rĂŽle orientant et prĂ©paratoire Ă  l’universitĂ© soit central dans la motivation Ă  poursuivre. Enfin, la recherche dresse un portrait des relations entre l’école et les autres agents de socialisation (famille, amis, travail) au cƓur de la rĂ©ussite Ă©ducative. Cette recherche aborde le rĂŽle de l’école (et du collĂ©gial) en fonction de sa triple responsabilitĂ© : instruire, socialiser et qualifier. Elle offre des pistes de rĂ©flexion aux collĂšges dĂ©sireux de mieux comprendre la rĂ©ussite scolaire et la rĂ©ussite Ă©ducative

    Recruitment of Dok-R to the EGF receptor through its PTB domain is required for attenuation of Erk MAP kinase activation

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    AbstractDok (for downstream of tyrosine kinases) proteins are a newly identified family of docking molecules that are characterized by the presence of an amino-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a central putative phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and numerous potential sites of tyrosine phosphorylation [1–6]. Here, we explore the potential role of the Dok family member Dok-R (also known as p56Dok2 or FRIP) in signaling pathways mediated by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. An intact PTB domain in Dok-R was critical for its association with two PTB-binding consensus sites on the EGF receptor and the PH domain further contributed to stable in vivo binding and tyrosine phosphorylation of Dok-R. Multiple sites on Dok-R were tyrosine-phosphorylated following EGF stimulation; phosphorylated Tyr276 and Tyr304 are proposed to dock the tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of the p21Ras GTPase-activating protein rasGAP and Tyr351 mediates an association with the SH2 domain of the adapter protein Nck. Interestingly, we have found that Dok-R could attenuate EGF-stimulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation independently of its association with rasGAP. Together, these results suggest that Dok-R has an important role downstream of growth factor receptors as a potential negative regulator of signal transduction

    Terminer des études universitaires : les conditions de la réussite et le rÎle du collégial

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    La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© subventionnĂ©e par le ministĂšre de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supĂ©rieur dans le cadre du Programme de recherche et d’expĂ©rimentation pĂ©dagogique (PREP) de l’Association des collĂšges privĂ©es du QuĂ©bec (ACPQ)

    OĂč est passĂ© mon temps? L'occupation des temps sociaux et les projets d'avenir de jeunes du collĂ©gial

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    Affiche prĂ©sentĂ©e dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «La relĂšve scientifique et la recherche collĂ©giale : pratiques inspirantes au regard des chercheuses et chercheurs, et enjeux spĂ©cifiques Ă  la formation des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants», dans le cadre du 84e CongrĂšs de l'Acfas, UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  MontrĂ©al, MontrĂ©al, le 10 mai 2016.Un groupe de quatre enseignantes et enseignants de sciences humaines du collĂšge LaflĂšche a entrepris d’étudier la question des temps sociaux chez leurs Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants. Ce thĂšme s’avĂšre particuliĂšrement intĂ©ressant pour ces enseignantes et enseignants, dans l’optique oĂč il permet d’apprĂ©hender les tensions vĂ©cues par les Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants entre les diverses temporalitĂ©s au cƓur de leur vie, qu’il s’agisse du temps scolaire, du temps de travail ou des temps libres. L’objectif Ă©tait donc d’analyser les temps sociaux, mais aussi de poser un regard sur les projets d’avenir de jeunes du collĂ©gial. Pour ce faire, une dĂ©marche d’analyse qualitative a Ă©tĂ© entreprise et 44 finissantes et finissants de sciences humaines de trois collĂšges de la Mauricie ont Ă©tĂ© interrogĂ©s. Huit groupes de discussion (focus group) ainsi qu’une enquĂȘte par questionnaire ont conduit Ă  Ă©tablir la prĂ©sence de tensions importantes entre les divers temps sociaux chez les jeunes, avec une prĂ©dominance du temps scolaire comme Ă©lĂ©ment au cƓur de la projection dans l’avenir. En somme, les conclusions jettent un Ă©clairage sur des rapports sociaux Ă  la fois traditionnels (importance des pairs) et (post)modernes (le numĂ©rique), ainsi que sur une scolaritĂ© anxiogĂšne qui prĂ©domine Ă  la fois dans les prĂ©occupations actuelles et dans la constitution des projets d’avenir. Elles permettent enfin de questionner la finalitĂ© des Ă©tudes collĂ©giales aux yeux des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants

    Approche innovante dans le cours de méthodologie des sciences humaines : impact sur l'engagement

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    "La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© subventionnĂ©e par le MinistĂšre de l'Ă©ducation, du loisir et du sport dans le cadre du Programme de recherche et d'expĂ©rimentation pĂ©dagogique de l'Association des collĂšges privĂ©s du QuĂ©bec (ACPQ)."Également disponible en format papier.Bibliogr

    Double-Peaked Broad Emission Lines in NGC 4450 and Other LINERs

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    Spectra taken with HST reveal that NGC 4450 emits Balmer emission lines with displaced double peaks and extremely high-velocity wings. This characteristic line profile, previously seen in a few nearby LINERs and in a small fraction of broad-line radio galaxies, can be interpreted as a kinematic signature of a relativistic accretion disk. We can reproduce the observed profile with a model for a disk with a radial range of 1000-2000 gravitational radii and inclined by 27 degrees along the line of sight. The small-aperture HST data also allow us to detect, for the first time, the featureless continuum at optical wavelengths in NGC 4450; the nonstellar nucleus is intrinsically very faint, with M_B = -11.2 mag for D = 16.8 Mpc. We have examined the multiwavelength properties of NGC 4450 collectively with those of other low-luminosity active nuclei which possess double-peaked broad lines and find a number of common features. These objects are all classified spectroscopically as "type 1" LINERs or closely related objects. The nuclear luminosities are low, both in absolute terms and relative to the Eddington rates. All of them have compact radio cores, whose strength relative to the optical nuclear emission places them in the league of radio-loud active nuclei. The broad-band spectral energy distributions of these sources are most notable for their deficit of ultraviolet emission compared to those observed in luminous Seyfert 1 nuclei and quasars. The double-peaked broad-line radio galaxies Arp 102B and Pictor A have very similar attributes. We discuss how these characteristics can be understood in the context of advection-dominated accretion onto massive black holes.Comment: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal. Latex, 15 pages, embedded figures and tabl

    L’occupation des temps sociaux et les projets d’avenir d’étudiants du collĂ©gial de la Mauricie

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    La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© subventionnĂ©e par le ministĂšre de l’Éducation, de l’Enseignement supĂ©rieur et de la Recherche dans le cadre du Programme de recherche et d’expĂ©rimentation pĂ©dagogiques (PREP) de l’Association des collĂšges privĂ©s quĂ©bĂ©cois (ACPQ)

    Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for the treatment of stentless aortic valve dysfunction

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