42 research outputs found
Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for living in an urban environment and obesity using stratification by country/countries, per capita GNI, year of fieldwork, sex, age of study population and criteria for obesity.
<p>Twenty eight studies contributed to 37 independent age and sex adjusted estimates (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113547#pone-0113547-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>); Reference group is living in a rural environment; GNI gross national income; WC waist circumference;</p><p>* p-value for heterogeneity chi-square;</p><p>** Likelihood ratio test for heterogeneity between subgroup by meta-regression, providing F-ratio and p-values.</p><p>Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for living in an urban environment and obesity using stratification by country/countries, per capita GNI, year of fieldwork, sex, age of study population and criteria for obesity.</p
Association (log odds ratio) between living in an urban environment and obesity by GNI per capita.
<p>Size of circles reflects sample size. Higher log odds ratio (logor) reflect larger effect size for living in an urban environment and obesity; gross national income (GNI) per capita in US dollar corresponding to year and country of fieldwork; Reference group is living in a rural environment.</p
Flow chart of articles included in the review.
<p>Flow chart of articles included in the review.</p
chain drug
drug n....over rough country,see, you had to have drugs. I never used two, though,for all I seed people with two - one on each runner. We always had a chain drug - a chain wrapped around the nose o' the sled,see, to drop.... An' that was a great help sometimes when the dogs 'd want to go where you didn't want 'em to go. You drop that drug an' get 'em buckled down to it, an' they'd understand you wanted them to stop.YesDNE-cit J.D.A. WIDDOWSONAUG 1973Used I and SupUsed IUsed
Forest plot illustrating study specific effects for the association between an early invasive strategy and mortality compared with a conservative management strategy with results stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate.
<p>*the effect estimate presented is for those with an eGFR<60ml/minute/1.73m<sup>2</sup> or the definition of kidney disease used within the specific study. For these studies results stratified further into subcategories of eGFR/CKD stages were not available. Results from the random effects meta-analysis conducted by Charytan <i>et al</i> are reported. The overall effect estimate for those with an eGFR<60ml/minute/1.73m<sup>2</sup> is reported and then also results of the analysis further stratified by eGFR category (hollow diamonds). Results from the APPROACH study were reported overall for eGFR<60ml/minute/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and also stratified by eGFR category (p-interaction by eGFR 0.624). Results from the EUPHORIC study were reported overall for eGFR<60ml/minute/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and also stratified by eGFR category (p-interaction by eGFR 0.31). Results from the MINAP study were reported stratified by eGFR category (p-interaction by eGFR <0.001). Effect estimates for each of the studies included in the plot: ACSIS[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref008" target="_blank">8</a>]- adjusted hazard ratio; CRUSADE[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>]-adjusted odds ratio; APPROACH [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>]-adjusted risk ratio; Charytan <i>et al</i> [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>]- risk ratio; Tai (Taiwan ACS full spectrum registry) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>]-adjusted hazard ratio; CCP[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]- adjusted odds ratio; EUPHORIC [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>]- adjusted odds ratio MINAP [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref004" target="_blank">4</a>]–adjusted odds ratio. Abbreviations: EIS: early invasive strategy; ECS: early conservative strategy; ES: effect estimate; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; TAIWAN ACS: TAIWAN ACS Full Spectrum Registry; ACSIS: Acute Coronary Syndromes Israeli Survey; CRUSADE: Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines; CCP: Cooperative Cardiovascular Project; FRISC II Fragmin and Fast Revascularization during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease; VINO: Value of first day angiography/ angioplasty In evolving Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIMI IIIB: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) IIIB clinical trial; TACTICS TIMI18: The Treat Angina with Aggrastat and determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy; ICTUS: Invasive versus Conservative Treatment in Unstable Coronary Syndromes; EUPHORIC: European Public Health Outcome Research and Indicators Collection Project; APPROACH: Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease; MINAP: Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project.</p
Selected demographic and clinical characteristics of the RCT based populations included in the meta-analysis by Charytan <i>et al [6].</i>
<p>Selected demographic and clinical characteristics of the RCT based populations included in the meta-analysis by Charytan <i>et al [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>].</i></p
Summary of the studies included in the systematic review.
<p>Summary of the studies included in the systematic review.</p
Forest plot and meta-analysis of studies reporting results in those with an eGFR<30ml/minute/1.73m<sup>2</sup> for the association between an early invasive strategy and mortality compared with a conservative management strategy with results stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate.
<p>Results from the APPROACH study were reported overall for eGFR<60ml/minute/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and also stratified by eGFR category (p-interaction by eGFR 0.624). Results from the EUPHORIC study were reported overall for eGFR<60ml/minute/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and also stratified by eGFR category (p-interaction by eGFR 0.31). Results from the MINAP study were reported stratified by eGFR category (p-interaction by eGFR <0.001). Effect estimates for each of the studies included in the plot: ACSIS[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref008" target="_blank">8</a>]- adjusted hazard ratio; CRUSADE[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>]-adjusted odds ratio; APPROACH [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>]-adjusted risk ratio; Charytan <i>et al</i> [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>]- risk ratio; Tai (Taiwan ACS full spectrum registry) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>]-adjusted hazard ratio; CCP[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]- adjusted odds ratio; EUPHORIC [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>]- adjusted odds ratio MINAP [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153478#pone.0153478.ref004" target="_blank">4</a>]–adjusted odds ratio. Abbreviations: EIS: early invasive strategy; ECS: early conservative strategy; ES: effect estimate; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; TAIWAN ACS: TAIWAN ACS Full Spectrum Registry; ACSIS: Acute Coronary Syndromes Israeli Survey; CRUSADE: Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines; CCP: Cooperative Cardiovascular Project; FRISC II Fragmin and Fast Revascularization during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease; VINO: Value of first day angiography/ angioplasty In evolving Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIMI IIIB: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) IIIB clinical trial; TACTICS TIMI18: The Treat Angina with Aggrastat and determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy; ICTUS: Invasive versus Conservative Treatment in Unstable Coronary Syndromes; EUPHORIC: European Public Health Outcome Research and Indicators Collection Project; APPROACH: Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease; MINAP: Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project.</p
Flow chart showing exclusion process during the literature review.
<p>*non relevant systematic or non-systematic review **non relevant study protocol-wrong exposure. Abbreviations: NSTE-ACS: non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome; UA: unstable angina.</p
Selected demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort based study populations.
<p>Selected demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort based study populations.</p