Additional file 1 of Analysis of spatial-temporal distribution of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Shandong Province, China during 2005–2014

Additional file 1. Supplementary a table and three figures

Green in Situ Synthesis of Clean 3D Chestnutlike Ag/WO_3–<i>x</i> Nanostructures for Highly Efficient, Recyclable and Sensitive SERS Sensing

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has proven to be an effective technique for identifying and providing fingerprint structural information on various analytes in low concentration. However, this analytical technique has been plagued by the ubiquitous presence of organic contaminants on roughened SERS substrate surfaces, which not only often result in poorer detection sensitivity but also significantly affect the reproducibility and accuracy of SERS analysis. Herein, we developed a clean, stable, and recyclable three-dimensional (3D) chestnutlike Ag/WO_3–<i>x</i> (0 < <i>x</i> < 0.28) SERS substrate by simple hydrothermal reaction and subsequent green in situ decoration of silver nanoparticles. None of the organic additives were used in synthesis, which ensures the substrate surfaces are completely clean and free of interferences from impurities. The innovative design combines the SERS enhancement effect and self-cleaning property, making it a multifunctional and reusable SERS platform for highly sensitive SERS detection. Using malachite green as a model target, the as-prepared SERS substrates exhibited good reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 7.5%) and pushed the detection limit down to 0.29 pM. The enhancement factor was found to be as high as 1.4 × 10⁷ based on the analysis of 4-aminothiophenol. The excellent regeneration performance indicated that the 3D biomimetic SERS substrates can be reused many times. In addition, the fabricated substrate was successfully employed for detecting thiram in water with a detection limit of 0.32 nM, and a good linear relationship was obtained between the logarithmic intensities and the logarithmic concentrations of thiram ranging from 1 nM to 1 μM. More importantly, the resultant SERS-active colloid can be used for accurate and reliable determination of thiram in real fruit peels. These results predict that the proposed SERS system have great potential toward rapid, reliable, and on-site analysis, especially for food safety and environmental supervision

Polydopamine@Gold Nanowaxberry Enabling Improved SERS Sensing of Pesticides, Pollutants, and Explosives in Complex Samples

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising analysis technique for detecting various analytes in complex samples due to its unique vibrational fingerprints and high signal enhancement. However, impurity interference and substrate unreliability are direct suppression factors for practical application. Herein, we synthesize polydopamine@gold (PDA@Au) nanowaxberry, where Au nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of PDA sphere with high density and uniformity. Seed-mediated synthesis is used for fabrication of nanowaxberry. Au seeds are deposited on the surface of PDA sphere, then I ion coordinating ligand is employed to form stable AuI₄^– complex with AuCl₄^–, which decreases reduction potential of AuCl₄^– and avails formation of shell structure. Such nanowaxberry has high density of voids and gaps in three-dimensional space, which could absorb analytes and benefit practical SERS detection. Using malachite green as a model analyte, nanowaxberry realizes highly sensitive detection with low limit of detection (1 pM) and good reproducibility (relative standard deviation of about 10%). Meanwhile, the nanowaxberry is employed for practical detection of thiram, benzidine, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the environmental water, juice, apple peel, and soil. The high performance makes nanowaxberry to be potentially used for pesticides detection, pollutants monitoring, and forbidden explosives sensing in complex samples

Plasmonic Bridge Sensor Enabled by Carbon Nanotubes and Au–Ag Nano-Rambutan for Multifunctional Detection of Biomechanics and Bio/Chemical Molecules

Wearable, noninvasive, and simultaneous sensing of subtle strains and eccrine molecules on human body is essential for future health monitoring and personalized medicine. However, there is a huge chasm between biomechanics and bio/chemical molecule detections. Here, a wearable plasmonic bridge sensor with multiple abilities to monitor subtle strains and molecules is developed. Hollow Au–Ag nano-rambutans and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are adsorbed in the nonwoven fabrics (NWFs) conjointly, where the gap between the conducting network of CNTs is bridged by the Au–Ag nano-rambutans during the subtle strain sensing, and the detection sensitivity for stress is improved at least 1 order of magnitude compared to that with the only CNTs. In order to acquire the accurate human action recognition, a machine learning algorithm (support vector machines) based on output biomechanics data is designed. The average accuracy of our plasmonic bridge sensor reaches 89.0% for human action recognition. Moreover, due to the hollow structure and high nanoroughness, the single Au–Ag nano-rambutan particle has strong localized surface plasmon resonance effect and high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity. Based on their unique SERS spectra introduced by the hollow Au–Ag nano-rambutan adsorbed in the NWFs, noninvasive extraction and “fingerprint” recognition of bio/chemical molecules could be realized during the wearable sensing. In sum, the NWFs/CNTs/Au–Ag sensor bridges the barrier between the bodily strain detection and molecule recognition during the wearable sensing. Such integrated and multifunctional sensing strategy for universal biomechanics and bio/chemical molecules means to assess human health to be of importance

Data_Sheet_1_Effects of ambient temperature on influenza-like illness: A multicity analysis in Shandong Province, China, 2014–2017.docx

BackgroundThe associations between ambient temperature and influenza-like illness (ILI) have been investigated in previous studies. However, they have inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of ambient temperature on ILI in Shandong Province, China.MethodsWeekly ILI surveillance and meteorological data over 2014–2017 of the Shandong Province were collected from the Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the China Meteorological Data Service Center, respectively. A distributed lag non-linear model was adopted to estimate the city-specific temperature–ILI relationships, which were used to pool the regional-level and provincial-level estimates through a multivariate meta-analysis.ResultsThere were 911,743 ILI cases reported in the study area between 2014 and 2017. The risk of ILI increased with decreasing weekly ambient temperature at the provincial level, and the effect was statistically significant when the temperature was ConclusionOur findings confirm that low temperatures significantly increased the risk of ILI in the study area. In addition, the cold effect of ambient temperature may cause more risk of ILI than the hot effect. The findings have significant implications for developing strategies to control ILI and respond to climate change.</p

Ta@Ag Porous Array with High Stability and Biocompatibility for SERS Sensing of Bacteria

The reliable sensing of bacteria by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology necessitates a rational design of a substrate with high sensitivity, stability, and minimal invasion. Hence, a bimetallic Ta@Ag film with a porous array is developed by the magnetron sputtering technique and the structure could be controlled by a Ta dopant. A porous array connected by ligaments with compact granular nanoprotrusions is a fascinating substrate for SERS sensing. It makes steady SERS signals even in harsh chemical environments due to its high structural and chemical stability. The configuration of binary Ta@Ag has higher surface free energy than that of pure Ag, and the strong bactericidal activity of Ag is suppressed efficiently. Using E. coli as a model pathogen, the Ta@Ag porous film could maintain the long-term survival rate of E. coli up to 95% and a limit of SERS detection of E. coli down to 102 CFU/mL, which is measured by the standard colony-counting method. In sum, this work provides a promising strategy to fabricate a corrosion-resistant and biocompatible bimetallic Ta@Ag film with a porous array for the SERS sensing of microbial cells