Additional file 3 of Fast photosynthesis measurements for phenotyping photosynthetic capacity of rice

Additional file 3: Table S2. Correlations between the photosynthetic traits of F2 populations. The full name and units of the traits are shown in abbreviations list. The correlations were estimated by the linear model. *Significant at 5% level

Additional file 1 of Fast photosynthesis measurements for phenotyping photosynthetic capacity of rice

Additional file 1: Table S1. Test of normality (Shapiro–Wilk) for photosynthetic traits of F2 populations. The full name and units of the traits are shown in abbreviations list

Additional file 2 of Fast photosynthesis measurements for phenotyping photosynthetic capacity of rice

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Normal Q–Q plot of photosynthetic traits

Table_1_Exploration of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics gene regulatory in rice (Oryza sativa L.): a genome-wide association study.xlsx

Chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters are crucial indicators to evaluate the light use efficiency in rice; however, the correlations among these parameters and the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, to clarify these issues, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 225 rice accessions. In the phenotypic and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, a weak negative correlation was observed between the chlorophyll content and actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦII). The phenotypic diversity observed in SPAD, NPQt, ΦNPQ, and Fv/Fm among accessions was affected by genetic background. Furthermore, the GWAS identified 78 SNPs and 17 candidate genes significantly associated with SPAD, NPQt, ΦII, ΦNPQ, qL and qP. Combining GWAS on 225 rice accessions with transcriptome analysis of two varieties exhibiting distinct fluorescence characteristics revealed two potential candidate genes (Os03g0583000 from ΦII & qP traits and Os06g0587200 from NPQt trait), which are respectively associated with peroxisomes, and protein kinase catalytic domains might involve in regulating the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. This study provides novel insights into the correlation among chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters and the genetic mechanisms in rice, and offers valuable information for the breeding of rice with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency.</p

DataSheet_1_Exploration of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics gene regulatory in rice (Oryza sativa L.): a genome-wide association study.pdf

Chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters are crucial indicators to evaluate the light use efficiency in rice; however, the correlations among these parameters and the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, to clarify these issues, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 225 rice accessions. In the phenotypic and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, a weak negative correlation was observed between the chlorophyll content and actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦII). The phenotypic diversity observed in SPAD, NPQt, ΦNPQ, and Fv/Fm among accessions was affected by genetic background. Furthermore, the GWAS identified 78 SNPs and 17 candidate genes significantly associated with SPAD, NPQt, ΦII, ΦNPQ, qL and qP. Combining GWAS on 225 rice accessions with transcriptome analysis of two varieties exhibiting distinct fluorescence characteristics revealed two potential candidate genes (Os03g0583000 from ΦII & qP traits and Os06g0587200 from NPQt trait), which are respectively associated with peroxisomes, and protein kinase catalytic domains might involve in regulating the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. This study provides novel insights into the correlation among chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters and the genetic mechanisms in rice, and offers valuable information for the breeding of rice with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency.</p

Image_1_Effect of Stomatal Morphology on Leaf Photosynthetic Induction Under Fluctuating Light in Rice.pdf

Plants are often confronted with light fluctuations from seconds to minutes due to altering sun angles, mutual shading, and clouds under natural conditions, which causes a massive carbon loss and water waste. The effect of stomatal morphology on the response of leaf gas exchange to fluctuating light remains disputable. In this study, we investigated the differences in leaf stomatal morphology and photosynthetic induction across twelve rice genotypes after a stepwise increase in light intensity. A negative correlation was observed between stomatal size and density across rice genotypes. Smaller and denser stomata contributed to a faster stomatal response under fluctuating light. Plants with faster stomatal opening also showed faster photosynthetic induction and higher biomass accumulation but lower intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) under fluctuating light. Moreover, stomatal morphology seemed to have less effect on the initial and final stomatal conductance, and there was a minimal correlation between steady-state and non-steady-state stomatal conductance among different rice genotypes. These results highlight the important role of stomatal morphology in regulating photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth under fluctuating light conditions. To simultaneously enhance leaf iWUE when improving the photosynthetic efficiency under fluctuating light, it may be necessary to take biochemical processes into account in the future.</p