UHPLC-MS/MS for plasma lamotrigineanalysis and comparison with a homogenousenzyme immunoassay: supplementary data

Aims: To develop and validate a UHPLC-MS/MS method for lamotrigine (LTG) analysis in human plasmaand evaluate its agreement with a homogenous enzyme immunoassay (HEIA). Materials & methods: TheUHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated according to the USFDA/EMA guidelines. A Bland–Altman plot was used to evaluate the agreement between UHPLC-MS/MS and HEIA. Results: Samples werepretreated with one-step protein precipitation and separated in 2.6 min. The intra- and inter-day biasand imprecisions were -15.8 to 15.0% and less than 11.17%, respectively. The recovery and matrix factorwere 98.30 to 111.97%. The mean overestimation of UHPLC-MS/MS compared with HEIA was 21.57%.Conclusion: A rapid, sensitive and robust UHPLC-MS/MS method for plasma LTG analysis was developedand validated and was a 21.57% overestimation compared with HEIA.</p

Study area of the Yellow River Delta.

<p>Study area of the Yellow River Delta.</p

Reed characteristics and soil properties in natural and degraded reed wetlands.

<p>Reed characteristics and soil properties in natural and degraded reed wetlands.</p

DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Coix Seed Prolamins: Release, Identification, and Analysis of the Interaction between Key Residues and Enzyme Domains

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides can regulate type 2 diabetes by inhibiting the cleavage of glucagon-like peptide-1 and prolonging its half-life. The development of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides is still a hot topic. The primary structure of coix seed prolamins contains peptide sequence fragments that potentially inhibit DPP-IV; however, limited information is available regarding the extraction of peptides from coix seeds and the analysis of their conformational relationships. In this study, novel coix seed prolamin-derived peptides were obtained through single hydrolysis and double-enzyme stepwise hydrolysis. The inhibitory activity of these peptides against DPP-IV was evaluated to explore new functional properties of coix seeds. The results evidenced that the step-by-step enzymolysis (papain and alcalase) compared to single enzymolysis promoted the secondary structure disruption of the hydrolysates, enhanced the β-turn structure, significantly increased the content of peptides below 1 kDa, and exhibited a substantial increase in DPP-IV inhibitory activity (97% inhibition). Three nontoxic DPP-IV inhibitory peptides, namely, LPFYPN, TFFPQ, and ATFFPQ (IC50 = 70.24, 176.87, 268.31 μM), were isolated and identified. All three peptides exhibited strong interactions with DPP-IV (all KA values >103). LPFYPN exhibited competitive inhibition, while TFFPQ and ATFFPQ demonstrated mixed competitive–noncompetitive inhibition. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main contributors to the coix seed prolamin peptides binding to DPP-IV. The central residue was a key amino acid in the parent peptide sequence, forming a more stable π–π stacking with residues in the active pocket, which may facilitate peptide activity. This study provides theoretical support for the development of coix seed-derived hypoglycemic peptides

Pathway analysis of DEGs.

A. KEGG enrichment analysis of upregulated genes for chronic low-temperature acclimation group (-log10 (p-value)>1.3). B. KEGG enrichment analysis of downregulated genes for chronic low-temperature acclimation group (-log10 (p-value)>1.3). C. KEGG enrichment analysis of upregulated genes for acute short cold stress group (-log10 (p-value)>1.3). D. KEGG enrichment analysis of downregulated genes for acute short cold stress group (-log10 (p-value)>1.3).</p

Go analysis of differentially expressed down-regulated genes in B vs C.

(XLSX)</p

<b>Leveraging Chinese GaoFen-7 imagery for high-resolution building height estimation in multiple cities</b>

This is a building height dataset estimated from Chinese Gaofen-7 imagery. The estimated building heights in the different cities (Tianjin, Lanzhou, Chongqing, Ningbo, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen) are highly consistent with the reference building height data obtained from field-measured building height data, building floor data, and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. The R2 varies from 0.75 to 0.90, while the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 4.06 m to 8.06 m. The validation of the estimated building heights over 106,366 buildings using airborne LiDAR height data yielded R2 and RMSE of 0.90 and 6.72 m for Shenzhen and 0.89 and 4.06 m for Hong Kong, respectively. Note that the Viewing angles for the GF-7Backward image are -5°, so there is a small offset between the building roof derived from GF-7 image and the building roof derived from other images. Reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113802.</p

Visualization of pesticide residue data

<p>Compared to common data presentation methods such as tables and diagrams, thematic maps have the advantage of directly presenting complex, multidimensional spatial data. In this study, over 500 thematic maps are planned that present pesticide residue data from the inspection of fruit and vegetable samples. The data contain information on the samples, pesticides, sampling locations, maximum residue limits and inspection. Different calculation strategies are used to transform the original data into highly integrated data for cartography based on the demand investigation. During the map design process, standardized design should be used to ensure rigorous and consistent display of cartographic symbols. Two of the maps are used as examples to explain the data processing and map design procedures. The process can be used on all maps in this study and on more complex data.</p