Quinoline-Based Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Detection of Lysosomal pH

A new pH-responsive fluorescent probe has been reported based on protonation-activable resonance charge transfer. In aqueous solution, probe PQ-Lyso exhibits ratiometric detection of pH changes with a large hypsochromic shift of 76 nm and remarkable changes in the fluorescence intensity ratio (<i>R</i> = <i>F</i>_494 nm/<i>F</i>_570 nm, <i>R</i>/<i>R</i>₀ = 105). Furthermore, PQ-Lyso, which is localized to lysosomes in living cells, can calibrate lysosomal pH using fluorescence ratiometry

Rapid Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Aggregation Induced Ratiometric Fluorescence Change

In surfactant solution, probe D-BBO can detect H₂O₂ with an enhanced reaction rate (<i>k</i>_obs = 1.83 × 10^–2 s^–1) and a large bathochromic shift of 105 nm. Furthermore, D-BBO displays a highly selective response to H₂O₂ over other reactive oxygen species under identical conditions

A Strategy for Highly Selective Detection and Imaging of Hypochlorite Using Selenoxide Elimination

A new strategy for HOCl-specific fluorescent probes has been reported based on a selenoxide elimination reaction. Probes CM1 and CM2 were synthesized as the first fluorescent probes containing an arylseleno moiety for hypochlorite according to this strategy. Both probes displayed excellent properties, including high selectivity and sensitivity, fast response, and pH independency toward hypochlorite in vitro and vivo

Rational Design of a Ratiometric and Targetable Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Lysosomal Zinc Ions

Fluorescent detecting and tracking of zinc ions in living cells has become more and more important because the physiological and pathological functions of zinc are highly associated with the timing and discrete distribution of subcellular zinc ion. For the detection of subcellular zinc concentrations with high spatial and temporal reliability, we report the design, synthesis, properties, and bioimaging evaluation of a fluorescent probe, <b>DQZn4</b>, composed of a quinoline scaffold as the ratiometric signaling unit for Zn²⁺ and a dimethylethylamino group as the targeting anchor for lysosomes. In acidic aqueous solution (pH = 5.2), <b>DQZn4</b> features fluorescence emission maximum at 542 nm due to the resonance charge transfer in 4-alkoxy substituted quinoline. Upon binding Zn²⁺, the probe displays significant fluorescent turn-on and ratiometric detection of Zn²⁺ with blue shift of 47 nm and remarkable fluorescence ratio changes (<i>R</i> = <i>F</i>₄₉₅/<i>F</i>_542 nm, <i>R</i>/<i>R</i>₀ = 5.1). Confocal imaging experiments establish that <b>DQZn4</b> is able to localize to lysosomes and respond to lysosomal zinc changes in living cells by using fluorescence ratiometry

Additional file 1 of Association between childhood trauma and medication adherence among patients with major depressive disorder: the moderating role of resilience

Additional file 1: eTable 1. Baseline sample characteristics between eligible and ineligible participants. eTable 2. Frequencies of responses on the MARS among the suboptimal adherence group (n=234). eFigure 1. The distribution of suboptimal adherence in the low, medium and high resilience group

Table_1_Predictive potential of somatic symptoms for the identification of subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder in primary care settings.docx

BackgroundThe presence of heterogenous somatic symptoms frequently obscures the recognition of depression in primary care. We aimed to explore the association between somatic symptoms and subthreshold depression (SD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), as well as to determine the predictive potential of somatic symptoms in identifying SD and MDD in primary care.MethodsData were derived from the Depression Cohort in China study (ChiCTR registry number: 1900022145). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess SD by trained general practitioners (GPs), and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview depression module was used to diagnose MDD by professional psychiatrists. Somatic symptoms were assessed using the 28-item Somatic Symptoms Inventory (SSI).ResultsIn total of 4,139 participants aged 18–64 years recruited from 34 primary health care settings were included. The prevalence of all 28 somatic symptoms increased in a dose-dependent manner from non-depressed controls to SD, and to MDD (P for trend ConclusionsSomatic symptoms were associated with the presence of SD and MDD. In addition, somatic symptoms, notably those related to energy, showed good predictive potential in identifying SD and MDD in primary care. The clinical implication of the present study is that GPs should consider the closely related somatic symptoms for early recognition for depression in practice.</p

Additional file 1 of Genetic contribution of synapse-associated protein 97 to cerebellar functional connectivity changes in first-episode schizophrenia

Additional file 1: Table S1. 26 cerebellar regions extracted from the AAL template

Table_1_Genetic Variability of TCF4 in Schizophrenia of Southern Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study.DOCX

Objective: Schizophrenia is thought to be a neurodevelopmental disorder. As a key regulator in the development of the central nervous system, transcription factor 4 (TCF4) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of our study was to assay the association of TCF4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with schizophrenia and the effect of these SNPs on phenotypic variability in schizophrenia in Southern Chinese Han Population.Methods: Four SNPs (rs9960767, rs2958182, rs4309482, and rs12966547) of TCF4 were genotyped in 1137 schizophrenic patients and 1035 controls in a Southern Chinese Han population using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. For patients with schizophrenia, the severity of symptom phenotypes was analyzed by the five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) scale.Results: The results showed that the genotypes and alleles of the three SNPs (rs2958182, rs4309482, and rs12966547) were not significantly different between the control group and the case group (all P > 0.05). rs9960767 could not be included in the statistics for the extremely low minor allele frequency. However, the genotypes of rs4309482 shown a potential risk in the positive symptoms (P = 0.04) and excitement symptoms (P = 0.04) of the five-factor model of PANSS, but not survived in multiple test correction. The same potential risk was shown in the rs12966547 in positive symptoms of the PANSS (P = 0.03).Conclusion: Our results failed to find the associations of SNPs (rs2958182, rs4309482, and rs12966547) in TCF4 with schizophrenia in Southern Chinese Han Population.</p

Table_1_Glyoxalase 1 Confers Susceptibility to Schizophrenia: From Genetic Variants to Phenotypes of Neural Function.pdf

This research aimed to investigate the role of glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) polymorphisms in the susceptibility of schizophrenia. Using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spectrophotometric assays technology, significant differences in Glo-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression (P = 3.98 × 10−5) and enzymatic activity (P = 1.40 × 10−6) were found in peripheral blood of first-onset antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia and controls. The following receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that Glo-1 could predict the schizophrenia risk (P = 4.75 × 10−6 in mRNA, P = 1.43 × 10−7 in enzymatic activity, respectively). To identify the genetic source of Glo-1 risk in schizophrenia, Glo-1 polymorphisms (rs1781735, rs1130534, rs4746, and rs9470916) were genotyped with SNaPshot technology in 1,069 patients with schizophrenia and 1,023 healthy individuals. Then, the impact of risk polymorphism on the promoter activity, mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity was analyzed. The results revealed significant differences in the distributions of genotype (P = 0.020, false discovery rate (FDR) correction) and allele (P = 0.020, FDR correction) in rs1781735, in which G > T mutation significantly showed reduction in the promoter activity (P = 0.016), mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively, GG vs. TT, in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia) of Glo-1. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) findings were followed up with the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. The TT genotype of rs1781735, associated with lower RNA expression in the brain (P < 0.05), showed decreased neuronal activation in the left middle frontal gyrus in schizophrenia (P < 0.001). In aggregate, this study for the first time demonstrates how the genetic and biochemical basis of Glo-1 polymorphism culminates in the brain function changes associated with increased schizophrenia risk. Thus, establishing a combination of multiple levels of changes ranging from genetic variants, transcription, protein function, and brain function changes is a better predictor of schizophrenia risk.</p