Geoelectrical model of Strumica valley– Bansko spa

Geoelectrics is a branch of geophysics which studies and monitors electrical and, along with geomagnetism, electromagnetic fields of the Earth. Possibility for application of geoelectrical explorations is based on the fact that minerals, that composed the rock complex, have different electrical, and partially magnetic character­istics. Electrical methods study natural and artificial electrical flows in the Earth and give data for distribution of the rocks with different electrical features. Geoelectrical mapping and sounding represent two basic methods of geoelectrical research of Earth interior structure. Using geoelectrical mapping, as a part of this method, is measured specific electrical resistance along the profile, with constant distance between the probes or constant depth of explo­ration. This paper will present process of geoelectrical measurements of Strumica valley or terrain around Bansko spa. Described is procedure of measurement, data processing, the obtained models and profiles of the terrain and the correlation between the models and the geological structure. Modern computer systems and programs (software) en­able processing of large amounts of data in a relatively short time and models can also be with many parameters. The paper is based on data from field measurements

GEOMAGNETIC MODEL OF LAKAVICA DEPRESSION

This paper presents the results from the geomagnetic explorations conducted on the territory of the Lakavica depression (graben) which is located near Štip, in the eastern part of N. Macedonia. According the tectonic regionalization of Macedonia the Lakavica depression is located in the Vardar zone. It is relatively sinked block with orientation NW-SE, between the horst of Serta–Grdeški Mountains and the horst of Bučim block–Smrdeš. From the southwest, the Lakavica depression is limited with the horst of Serta–Smrdeški Mountains along the contrast normal (gravitational) fault. The horst of Bučim block–Smrdeš, which is characterized with very complex morphological structure, limits the Lakavica depression on the northeast. The geophysical–geomagnetic investigations were performed by three proton magnetometers. One was located on the base station and countinuously measured the daily variation, and with other two was measured total vector of the magnetic field. The magnetogram obtained from the magnetometer placed on the base station was used during the process of data processing for elimination of daily variation. The obtained results from the performed geophysical investigations confirmed that Lakavica is a depression sikned between two rised block

Анализа на податоци и интерпретација на сеизмограм

Различните потреси кои доаѓаат од внатрешноста на Земјата, односно земјотресните Р и Ѕ бранови, се регистрираат на соодветни уреди наречени сеизмометри. Записите, односно регистрациите кои ги даваат сеизмометрите се наречени сеизмограми.Методите за анализа на аналогни и дигитални регистрирани сеизмички земјотресни бранови - сеизмограмии нумеричката обработка на резултатите од тие анализи во современата сеизмолошка пракса ги опфаќаследните елементи:•Идентификација на различни видови сеизмички бранови на сеизмограмот,•Утврдување на точното време на регистрирање на одреден вид на сеизмичкиот бран,•Нумеричка обработка на регистрираните бранови на поголем број сеизмички станици, со цел да се утврди просторниот параметар на хипоцентарат на земјотресот и моментот на негово настанување,•Дефинирање на механизмот за заштита од земјотреsи и динамички параметри на заштита, •Енергетски карактеристики (магнитуда) на земјотресот и анализа при дистрибуција на макросеизмичкото поле, односно формирање математички модел за распределба на површинскиот ефект на земјотресот, •Утврдување на елементите на структурната градба на Земјината кора на основа на интерпретација на површинските и волуменските бранови форми,•Пресметка на емпириските вредности на амплификационите карактеристики на тлото во локални размери и утврдување на математичките закони за тие појави

Можности за користење на карбонатните шкрилци од локалитетот „Голем рид“ како архитектонски декоративен камен

Карбонатните шкрилци од источна Македонија се испитувани со цел да се утврди можноста за користење како архитектонско-декоративен камен. Теренските истраги како и лабораториските испитувања беа извршени на примероци од карбонатни шкрилци. Примероците се земени од изработените истражни раскопи. Резултатите од физичко-механички испитувања покажаа дека самата карпеста маса ги исполнува сите барања за употреба како архитектонско декоративен камен според државните стандарди на Македонија, но и како градежно-технички камен. Исто така, квалитетот на каменот е повисок во подлабоките делови на теренот, каде што надворешните влијанија имаат многу мал ефект. Овој камен има високи декоративни својства, но и ситно зрнеста структура која претставува позитивен ефект за техничките карактеристики и подложноста на обработка

Mineralogical-petrographic and physical-mechanical characteristics of the travertine and onyx from Bešište village (western Macedonia)

The travertine and the onyx from the Bešište village in western Macedonia have beenexamined in order to determine the possibility to use them as architectural stone. The analyses and the laboratoryexamination were performed on samples of travertine and onyx. The samples were taken fromthe surface parts. The results for their physical mechanical features shown that the rock mass, accordingto the Macedonian standards, satisfies the requirements to be used as an architectural stone, The quality ofthe stone is higher in the deeper parts of the field where the external influences have a very small effect.This stone has highly decorative features but it also has fine grained structure which is a positive effectfor the technical characteristics and the subjection for processing and production

Pollution of water and sediments from Tabanovska river with heavy metals from the abandoned mine Lojane

The abandoned Lojane Mine Site and associated processing facilities are located north of city of Kumanovo on the territory of Lipkovo municipality. The old Lojane Mine Site is located between the villages Lojane, Vaksince in area called Rudnicka Kolonija (Mine colony). The total mine site area is about 10 km2. The exploration area includes the territory between the village Chivluk where the old smelter is located, i.e. the flotation tailings from the Lojane Mine, along the flow of Tabanovska river to the village of Gorno Konjare. In Lojane abandoned mine, huge amount of mining waste was left without any adjustment and remediation, leading to mass erosion and transport of waste over large distance in the watershed. Chemical analysis of this waste showed high contamination by toxic heavy metals, while t he leachate of waste leads to the river sediments and waters contamination

Seismic explorations on the Bela Voda locality near Berovo

This paper presents the results from the explorations conducted on the locality Bela Voda, villageDvorište near Berovo. The purpose of the site survey is to determine the potential of the water supplying with underground water according to the represented structural-tectonic and hydrogeological structure, locate and prognosticallydesign exploratory wells for water supply according to the indicated potential, conditions and opportunities for groundwater capture. For the needs of the geophysical measurements, field hydrogeological reconnaissance of the terrain hasbeen performed previously. Hydrogeological research and geophysical measurements have been conducted on the locations where hydrogeological characteristics of the terrain and the presence of the types of water bearing environmentswithin the research area have been defined and explained. The investigations are performed by means of reflectiveseismic scanning of the structural-tectonic assemblage on the terrain by representative investigative profiles and analysis of the known geological data. 10 investigative profiles (RL) with the total length of 1.5 km were made, of which2 in the longitudinal direction of the Bela Voda river and 8 in the transverse or normal profiles of the river itself. Thefield scanning along the investigative profiles was performed with a seismic wave excitation step and a 5 m distanceof geophones and an offset of 10 m. The obtained results from the performed geophysical investigations have confirmedthat there is a small zone of Upper Jurassic granite in which a fissure type of aquifer with fissure porosity is formed.For the construction of well exploration (exploitation boreholes) there is a limited potential area, and four potentiallocations are proposed

Seismic explorations for defining the damage to the earth dam Pishica in the Republic of North Macedonia

The reservoir was built in the middle of the 20th century with a total capacity of 750,000 m3. The height of the dam from the river terrace is 22 m, the length of the crown is 319 m, and the width of the crown is 6 m. Due to the low resistance of the earth dam and the increase of water level due to heavy rains, the lake has leaked on several occasions, causing floods and environmental disaster in the surrounding settlements. Due to heavy rains and overflow through the dam crown, damage to the downstream slope of the dam has occurred and the overall stability of the dam has been compromised. By controlled discharge of the reservoir it is brought to a stable state and the dam breakage is prevented. At the beginning of 2013, the outflow valves of the dam were opened as a result of heavy rains, with reservoir water flowing to more places and residents of the village and livestock evacuated. At the crown of the dam where there was the largest outflow of water, a gap of about 20 m wide and 3.5-4 m thick appeared. Geophysical - seismic surveys have been conducted to determine dam damage

Квалитативни карактеристки на мермерите од локалитетот Црковни Рид (Вардарска зона Република Македонија) како основа за нивна употреба како градежен камен

Во трудот се прикажани квалитативните карактеристики на мермерите од локалноста Црковни Рид с. Орашац Р. Македонија) како основа за примена како градежен камен. Во рамките на овие испитувања одредувани се минералошко – петрографските, хемиските и физичко – механичките карактеристики на споменатите типови на карпи. Дел од испитувањата се направени на примероци земени од површинските делови. Резултатите добиени врз основа на извршените лабораториски испитувања на мермерите покажуваат дека овие карпи ги задоволуваат барањата за нивно искористување како градежен камен. Дополнително, квалитетот на каменот е поголем во подлабоките делови од теренот, каде надворешните влијанија имаат мал ефект

Hydrogeothermal model of the locality Proevce, Republic of North Macedonia

The paper presents the results from the research on the "Proevce" hydrothermal system, which is located near Kumanovo. The terrain on which thermo-mineral waters occur is the left bank of the river terrace of the Kumanovska River, above which the hill Golem Rid rises steeply, composed of old Paleozoic marbles and schists. The explorations showed that there are three significant springs with thermo-mineral water in the research area: artesian borehole labeled S-1, natural spring with catchment K-2 and spa spring. According to its chemical composition, the water is hydrocarbonate - sodium-potassium poorly magnesian. According to the performed hydro-chemical and balneological tests and analyses, the water from this deposit meets all the requirements for using water for drinking and treatment