Correlations between the relative average developmental ratings (A) and corrected percent survival (B) for <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> lines during the F₁ generation and their offspring during the F₂ generation.

Larvae were reared on corn tissue expressing Cry1F. Pearson correlation results reported as r and P values.</p

Concentration-mortality response (ng/cm²) of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> neonates of a known susceptible population (SS-TX) and a population selected on Cry1F corn leaf tissue (pooled F₃) to diet overlay assays using Cry1F, Cry2Ab2, Cry1A.105 and Vip3Aa20 proteins.

<p>SE = standard error; CL = confidence limits; LC₅₀ = concentration of protein (ng/cm²) required to kill 50% of larvae in the observation period of seven days; LC₉₀ = concentration of protein (ng/cm²) required to kill 90% of larvae in the observation period of seven days.</p

Distribution of the relative average development rating for seven-day old F₂ larvae of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> female lines on corn leaf tissue expressing Cry1F.

<p>Distribution of the relative average development rating for seven-day old F₂ larvae of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> female lines on corn leaf tissue expressing Cry1F.</p

Pearson correlation values of average developmental ratings, relative average developmental ratings, percent survival (corrected using Abbot’s formula [32]), and larval weight (after seven days) of F₁ <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> lines selected on leaves expressing Bt and non-Bt leaves of closely related hybrids.

<p>* = <i>P</i> <0.05, ** = <i>P</i> <0.001.</p

Distribution of the relative average development rating for seven-day old F₁ larvae of S. <i>frugiperda</i> female lines on corn leaf tissue expressing Cry1F (A) or Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab (B).

<p>Distribution of the relative average development rating for seven-day old F₁ larvae of S. <i>frugiperda</i> female lines on corn leaf tissue expressing Cry1F (A) or Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab (B).</p

Estimated resistance allele frequency for major non-recessive resistance alleles with Bayesian 95% credibility intervals for field-collected <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> individual female lines (<i>n</i> = 212) to Bt corn hybrids.

<p>Estimated resistance allele frequency for major non-recessive resistance alleles with Bayesian 95% credibility intervals for field-collected <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> individual female lines (<i>n</i> = 212) to Bt corn hybrids.</p

Hybrids used to screen <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> in this experiment and the associated lepidopteran-specific Bt proteins.

<p>Hybrids used to screen <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> in this experiment and the associated lepidopteran-specific Bt proteins.</p

Concentration-mortality response (ng/cm²) of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> neonates of a known susceptible population (SS-TX) and a population selected on Cry1F corn leaf tissue (pooled F₃) to a diet overlay assay using Cry1F protein.

<p>Concentration-mortality response (ng/cm²) of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> neonates of a known susceptible population (SS-TX) and a population selected on Cry1F corn leaf tissue (pooled F₃) to a diet overlay assay using Cry1F protein.</p

Attraction of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> males to different doses of E7-12:OAc and Z7-12:OAc in different fields.

<p>Bars show the mean percentage of males caught per trap (100% Z9-14:OAc+a: 2% E7-12:OAc, b: 2% Z7-12:OAc, c: 1% E- and Z-7-12:OAc, d: 2% E- and Z-7-12:OAc) and per biological replicate. The standard errors in all fields in North Carolina (NC) show the variation between rotations in one replicate (n = 3), while error bars in Peru show the variation between biological replicates (n = 3). Males from Peru are corn-strain males, while males from NC could not be strain-typed but probably belonged to both strains. Numbers in brackets/bars represent the total number of males caught. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences. n.s. = not significant.</p

Test statistics on the <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> male trap catches of different experiments.

<p>Experiments A (Test of two 4-component blends: Blend 1 and Blend 2) and B (Z7-12:OAc dose-response experiment) were analyzed individually using square root transformed data in a MANOVA and a Wilks’ Lambda test. Bold P-values show a significant effect of geographic region, strain-identity of males, and/or the field crop, influencing the attraction of fall armyworm males to synthetic pheromone blends. Mean values and standard errors are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089255#pone-0089255-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> (Exp. A) and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089255#pone-0089255-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a> (Exp. B).</p