Dataset of dissolved inorganic nitrogen data and dissolved inorganic carbon data in stations in the Canada Basin and the Chukchi shelf during 2010-2014 Chinese Arctic Scientific Expedition (CHINARE).xlsx

The file contaions stations, longitude, latitude, depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved inorganic carbon in stations in the Chukchi shelf and the Canada Basin stations from  2010-2014 Chinese Arctic Scientific Expedition (CHINARE) . This is the dataset used in the paper by Zhang et al. (2023) submitted to JGR-Oceans. </p

DataSheet_1_Role of Marginal Seas in Deep Ocean Regeneration of Dissolved Silica: A Case Study in the Marginal Seas of the Western Pacific.docx

Deep ocean regeneration of dissolved silica (DSi) is an essential part of the ocean silica cycle and is driven by a complex series of biogeochemical processes. Here we compare the distributions of DSi and other environmental parameters in several western Pacific marginal seas to explore the role of marginal seas in deep ocean DSi regeneration. Results show that in oligotrophic marginal seas (such as the South China Sea), the DSi content in deep waters is similar to that of the adjacent Pacific waters. However, in productive marginal seas (such as the Bering Sea), the DSi content in deep waters is markedly higher than that in adjacent Pacific waters at the same depths. This is mainly due to deep ocean DSi regeneration in the marginal sea basin, which is fueled by the high biogenic particle flux from the productive surface waters. On a global scale, deep ocean DSi regeneration is accelerated in productive marginal seas, causing marginal seas such as the Bering Sea to have the highest DSi concentrations of all global waters.</p

DataSheet_1_No sex differences in the incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with sepsis.docx

BackgroundSex-stratified medicine is an important aspect of precision medicine. We aimed to compare the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) for critically ill men and women with sepsis. Furthermore, the short-term mortality was compared between men and women with sepsis associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI).MethodThis was a retrospective study based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. We used the multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the independent effect of sex on the incidence of SA-AKI. We further applied three machine learning methods (decision tree, random forest and extreme gradient boosting) to screen for the risk factors associated with SA-AKI in the total, men and women groups. We finally compared the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality between men and women with SA-AKI using propensity score matching.ResultsA total of 6463 patients were included in our study, including 3673 men and 2790 women. The incidence of SA-AKI was 83.8% for men and 82.1% for women. After adjustment for confounders, no significant association was observed between sex and the incidence of SA-AKI (odds ratio (OR), 1.137; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.949-1.361; p=0.163). The machine learning results revealed that body mass index, Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score, diuretic, Acute Physiology Score III and age were the most important risk factors of SA-AKI, irrespective of sex. After propensity score matching, men had similar ICU and hospital mortality to women.ConclusionsThe incidence and associated risk factors of SA-AKI are similar between men and women, and men and women with SA-AKI experience comparable rates of ICU and hospital mortality. Therefore, sex-related effects may play a minor role in developing SA-AKI. Our study helps to contribute to the knowledge gap between sex and SA-AKI.</p

Data_Sheet_1_An empirical analysis of the impact of higher education on economic growth: The case of China.docx

China's domestic labor market has limited demand for tertiary graduates due to an unbalanced industrial structure, with a weak contribution to economic performance over the past decade. This study estimates the asymmetric effects of higher education progress (highly educated employed workforce), higher education utilization (highly educated unemployed workforce), and the separate effects of higher education utilization interactions with high-tech industries on economic growth in China from 1980 to 2020. Using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model, this study finds that the expansion of higher education progress (the employed workforce with higher education) promotes economic growth, while contraction of higher education progress (employed workforce with higher education) reduces economic growth. Likewise, an increase in higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) suppresses economic growth, while a decline in the higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) promotes economic growth. The study also found that the expansion of high-tech industries and government spending on education significantly stimulate economic growth. The moderating role of higher education utilization (unemployed labor force with higher education) in the impact of high-tech industries on economic growth is significantly positive. This study strategically proposes that China's higher-educated unemployed labor force can be adjusted to high-tech industries, which need to be developed equally in all regions. Moreover, the country is required to invest more in higher education and the development of high technological industries across all regions, thus may lead to higher economic growth.</p

DataSheet1_Sedimentary CaCO3 Accumulation in the Deep West Pacific Ocean.pdf

Distribution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in marine sediment has been studied over the last century, and influence by multiple factors with regard to dissolution and dilution of sedimentary CaCO3 has long been established. There is still lack of quantification on the influence of those factors, so it remains elusive to determine which specific process is driving the down-core variation of CaCO3 content (wtCaCO3%) records. Here, based on a newly compiled CaCO3 data set and a carbonate model, depth-profiles of sedimentary wtCaCO3% from the West Pacific Ocean can be well illustrated, and influence from different factors on their distribution features can be quantified. The deep ocean circulation is found to largely shape the inter-basin disparity in sedimentary wtCaCO3% distribution between the equatorial regions (e.g., the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Central Pacific Ocean) and the north–west regions (the Philippine Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean) in our study region. Moreover, the slow carbonate dissolution rate in the deep Central Pacific Ocean guarantees better accumulation of CaCO3 at depth compared to that in other regions. However, enhanced dilution by non-carbonate materials of sedimentary CaCO3 on a topographic complex can potentially obstruct the dissolution profiles constituted by sedimentary wtCaCO3% in the pelagic ocean. The aforementioned assertion suggests that changes of wtCaCO3% accumulation in marine sediment in the West Pacific Ocean can be used to dictate past changes of the deep ocean circulation (2,500 to 3,000 m) in this area but constraint on the non-carbonate flux, especially on the topographic complex, should be necessary.</p

Nickel-Catalyzed Deaminative Allenylation of Amino Acid Derivatives: Catalytic Activity Enhanced by an Amide-Type NN₂ Pincer Ligand

Herein, we report a general and practical nickel-catalyzed deaminative allenylation of amino acid derivatives with terminal alkynes. The well-designed, electron deficient, and sterically hindered amide-type NN2 pincer ligand was crucial to the success of this transformation, enabling the coupling to occur under mild conditions with high efficiency. The remarkable features of this chemistry are its good scalability, its broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance, and the efficient modification of peptides, drugs, and natural products

DataSheet_1_Mariculture may intensify eutrophication but lower N/P ratios: a case study based on nutrients and dual nitrate isotope measurements in Sansha Bay, southeastern China.docx

The mariculture industry has grown rapidly worldwide over the past few decades. The industry helps meet growing food demands and may provide an effective means of carbon sequestration; however, it may harm the marine ecological environment, and the extent of its impact depends on the type of mariculture. Here we focus on the impact of mariculture on the nutrient status and eutrophication in Sansha Bay, which is a typical aquaculture harbor in southeastern China that employs a combination of shellfish and seaweed farming. Nutrient concentrations and dual nitrate isotopes were measured in Sansha Bay during the winter of 2021. The average concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were 31.3 ± 10.5 and 2.26 ± 0.84 µM, respectively, indicating that the water was in a eutrophic state. However, the N/P ratios were relatively low (14.3 ± 2.2). Nitrate isotope measurements were 8.8‰–11.9‰ for δ15N-NO3− and 2.2‰–6.0‰ for δ18O-NO3−. Source analysis based on the nitrate isotope measurements indicates that nitrate in Sansha Bay is derived mainly from the excretion of organisms and sewage discharge from mariculture. The isotopic fractionation model of nitrate assimilation by organisms indicates that surface waters in Sansha Bay experience strong biological uptake of nitrate, which is likely related to seaweed farming in winter. The low N/P ratios may be attributed to excessive nitrogen uptake (relative to phosphorus) during shellfish and seaweed farming, as well as nitrogen removal through sediment denitrification, which is fueled by the sinking of particulate organic matter from mariculture. Overall, our study shows that mariculture activities dominated by shellfish and seaweed cultivation in Sansha Bay may exacerbate eutrophication but reduce N/P ratios in the water column in aquaculture areas.</p

Effects of evodiamine (EVO) on the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate of the H446 and H1688 SCLC cells.

<p>Cell cycle was detected by PI assay. Apoptosis was detected using an Annexin V/PI double staining assay. The H446 cells stained with Annexin V/PI were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). *<i>P</i><0.05 as compared to corresponding control group. Untreated H446 or H1688 cells were used as a negative control group.</p

DataSheet_1_Rapid changes in the surface carbonate system under complex mixing schemes across the Bering Sea: a comparative study of a forward voyage in July and a return voyage in September 2018.pdf

Regulated by the rapid changes in temperature, mixing, and biological production during warm seasons, the surface carbonate system in the Bering Sea is subject to significant spatial-temporal variability. However, the seasonal evolution of the carbon cycle and its controls are less clear due to the lack of observations. Here, we present the carbonate data collected during a forward voyage in July and a return voyage in September 2018 across the Bering Sea. For both voyages, we show distinct dissolved inorganic carbon versus total alkalinity (DIC-TA) relationships and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) distribution patterns in the Southern Basin (54-57°N), the Northern Basin (57-59°N), the Slope (59-61°N), the Shelf (61-64°N), and the Bering Strait (>64°N). In the Southern Basin, the Northern Basin, and the Slope, surface water was a two end-member mixing of Rainwater and Bering Summer Water (BSW) during the forward voyage and a two end-member mixing of North Pacific Surface Water (NPSW) and BSW during the return voyage. As a result, the observed DIC was almost consistent with the conservative mixing line, with a slight DIC addition/removal of -8.6~5.8 µmol kg-1, suggesting low biological production/respiration during both voyages. Seasonally, the higher factions of NPSW featuring low pCO2 during the return voyage dominated the pCO2 drawdown from July to September in the Southern Basin and the Slope. On the Shelf, the surface water was a two end-member mixing of plume water from the Anadyr River and BSW during both voyages, but the decreased DIC consumption via biological production from 59.9 ± 25.8 µmol kg-1 to 34.8 ± 14.0 µmol kg-1 contributed to the pCO2 increase from July to September. In the Bering Strait, the coastal area was characterized by the influence of plume water from the Anadyr River in July and the coastal upwelling in September. The high biological production in plume water made a strong CO2 sink during the forward voyage, while the upwelling of carbon-enriched subsurface water with minor DIC consumption made the coastal ecosystem a strong CO2 source during the return voyage. In different geographical regions, the observed seawater pCO2 was much lower than the overlying atmospheric CO2, resulting in a net CO2 sink with fluxes of -2.1~-14.0 mmol m-2 d-1 and -2.5~-11.6 mmol m-2 d-1, respectively, during the forward and return voyages.</p

Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Iminoarylation of Oxime Ester-Tethered Alkenes: Rapid Entrance to Diverse Functionalized Pyrrolines

Herein, we disclose a general and practical iminoarylation of alkenes by nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of unsaturated oxime esters with readily available aryl halides, providing an expedient approach for constructing pyrroline derivatives. The absence of organometallic reagents enables the reaction to occur under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, other C-based electrophiles, including alkenyl, alkynyl and alkyl halides, or pseudohalides, were also competent substrates for this reaction