Data for: ED-XRF analysis of obsidian artifacts from Yanawilka, a settlement of transplanted laborers (mitmaqkuna) and implications for Inca imperialism

Elemental concentrations (ppm) and source assignments of 84 obsidian artifacts recovered from the site of Yanawilka and USGS RGM-2 rhyolite standard

PM_2.5-Bound Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Hong Kong: Occurrence, Origins, and Source-Specific Health Risks

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are emerging organic pollutants in PM2.5, which have caused significant public health concerns in recent years, given their potential carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects. However, studies on the sources, occurrence, and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound OPFRs in Hong Kong are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized 13 OPFRs in one-year PM2.5 samples using gas chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings showed that OPFRs were present at a median concentration of 4978 pg m–3 (ranging from 1924 to 8481 pg m–3), with chlorinated OPFRs dominating and accounting for 82.7% of the total OPFRs. Using characteristic source markers and positive matrix factorization, we identified one secondary formation and five primary sources of OPFRs. Over 94.0% of PM2.5-bound OPFRs in Hong Kong were primarily emitted, with plastic processing and waste disposal being the leading source (61.0%), followed by marine vessels (14.1%). The contributions of these two sources to OPFRs were more pronounced on days influenced by local pollution emissions (91.9%) than on days affected by regional pollution (44.2%). Our assessment of health risks associated with human exposure to PM2.5-bound OPFRs indicated a low-risk level. However, further source-specific health risk assessment revealed relatively high noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from chlorinated OPFRs emitted from plastic processing and waste disposal, suggesting a need for more stringent emission control of OPFRs from these sources in Hong Kong

Liu et al. Electronic Supplementary Information from Assessing the manipulative potentials of monkeys, apes and humans from hand proportions: implications for hand evolution

Supplementary figures, tables and note

Ar Plasma-Exfoliated Ultrathin NiCo-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution

Layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials are frequently used for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) due to their promising properties in overcoming the large energy barrier. In this work, the controllably synthesized NiCo-LDHs nanosheets are treated by Ar plasma and display superior activity as well as high durability for OER processes, where there is a much lower overpotential of 299 mV at 10 mA cm–2 and a smaller Tafel slope of 45 mV dec–1 as compared to the pristine material (347 mV and 149 mV dec–1, respectively). The characterization results reveal that numerous defects induced by Ar plasma on the surface of ultrathin NiCo-LDHs nanosheets, leading to many more exposed active sites, faster kinetics, and lower resistance. This work offers inspiration for the rational design of additional active and efficient LDH-based materials for OER

Interfacial Synthesis: Amphiphilic Monomers Assisted Ultrarefining of Mesoporous Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles and the Electrochemical Implications

Amphiphilic monomers, namely pyrrole and aniline, were used to reduce permanganate ion (MnO4–) at the dichloromethane/water interface for the preparation of ultrafine manganese oxide (MnOx, x ≤ 2) nanoparticles (NPs). These monomers did not undergo polymerization upon oxidation by MnO4–, but exerted an interesting effect of ultrarefining the produced MnOx NPs from reducing MnO4– at the organoaqueous interface. This was attributed to the ability of the monomer to access the interfacial reaction sites from both organic and aqueous phases, and hence retard the as-produced MnOx nuclei from aggregation at the interface. Such obtained products were mesoporous matrixes of three-dimensionally interconnected and uniform pseudospherical MnOx NPs (o-aminophenol, to reduce MnO4– produced a composite of nanobelts of poly(o-aminophenol) embedded in micrometer-sized MnOx blocks. The ultrafine MnOx NPs prepared from using aniline or pyrrole exhibited highly capacitive behavior in aqueous Na2SO4, promising their use in supercapacitors. It was also found that the MnOx NPs prepared from pyrrole-assisted synthesis possessed higher specific capacitance than that from aniline-assisted synthesis, despite the latter having a higher specific surface area. This difference is discussed in terms of crystallographic properties and water contents of these two samples

Rh(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indazolo[2,3‑<i>a</i>]quinolines: Vinylene Carbonate as C1 and C2 Building Blocks

A rhodium-catalyzed cyclization of azobenzenes and vinylene carbonate via C–H bond activation to construct indazolo­[2,3-a]­quinolines has been developed. This protocol offers an efficient method for synthesis of the titled products in good yields with broad functional group tolerance. In this reaction, three C–C bonds and C–N bond are formed in one pot, and vinylene carbonate (VC) acts as C1 and C2 synthons as well as “vinylene transfer” agent and acylation reagent in the construction of target-fused heterocycles. Moreover, the products exhibit favorable fluorescence properties, which indicate their potential application as fluorescent materials and biosensors

Ferroelectric Domain Wall Delayer and Low-Dropout Regulator

A switching-type power converter providing an accurate and stable switching output voltage against line/load variations and power supply ripple is mostly complicated in system-on-chip power management integrated circuits (PMICs) within a limited occupation area. Here we fabricated domain wall (DW) nanodevices using an X-cut LiNbO3 thin film on silicon. The domain switching event occurs after a delay time predicted by Merz’s law under the applied voltage. But the output current is irrespective of the applied voltage and can be adjusted by conducting wall width as well as input resistance in the circuit. The regulating currents appear repetitively across the volatile interfacial domains between the nanodevice and electrode under intermittently applied voltages. A wall-current-limited domain switching model is developed to explain the phenomenon. The multifunctional DW nanodevices with smaller occupation areas can serve as compact low-dropout regulators in PMICs, time-domain delayers in energy-efficient neural network systems, and on-chip electrostatic discharge protection besides nonvolatile memories and selectors

Frequencies of the haplotypes formed by rs17375018, rs7517847, rs1343151 and rs11209032 SNPs in AR patients and healthy control individuals.

<p>AR, allergic rhinitis; OR, odds ratio.</p

Co@Co₃O₄ Prepared in Situ from Metallic Co as an Efficient Semiconductor Catalyst for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation

This paper reported the first attempt of using Co@Co₃O₄ core–shell nanoparticles obtained in situ from a metallic Co precursor as a highly active and stable catalyst for the photocatalytic water oxidation. Co nanoparticle precursor was prepared through a hydrothermal process. The components of precursor and catalyst were confirmed by multiple measurements (X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, line scanning analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky curve). The Co@Co₃O₄ semiconductor catalyst exhibited excellent activity for the photocatalytic water oxidation without any addition of photosensitizer or cocatalyst, with an average O₂ evolution rate of 2778 μmol h^–1 g^–1, and the Co@Co₃O₄ maintained 90% of the initial activity even after the sixth run; its oxygen evolution reaction performance under λ = 600 and 765 nm still remained 16% and 7.2% of λ ≥ 420 nm, respectively. The high activity of this photocatalyst was strongly dependent on the generation of Co₃O₄ nanoclusters on the surface of metallic Co. The synergistic effect between Co₃O₄ and metallic Co was helpful for electron transfer and separation and catalytic performance improvement, because metallic Co played a crucial role during the water oxidation process

Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed C–H and N–H Functionalization of 1‑Arylpyrazolidinones with Dioxazolones as Bifunctional Synthons

Dioxazolone has been attractive as an important synthon for a direct C–H amidation through a nitrene intermediate or Curtius rearrangement to form the isocyanate. However, the combination of two reaction models of dioxazolone has not been reported. Herein, a cobalt-catalyzed C–H and N–H functionalization of 1-arylpyrazolidinones with dioxazolones was developed. The dioxazolones acted as an amidated and carboxamidated reagent. Three C–N bonds were formed in a “one-pot” manner, which promoted the requirement of synthetic diversity