Enhanced blind decoding of Tardos codes with new map-based functions

This paper presents a new decoder for probabilistic binary traitor tracing codes under the marking assumption. It is based on a binary hypothesis testing rule which integrates a collusion channel relaxation so as to obtain numerical and simple accusation functions. This decoder is blind as no estimation of the collusion channel prior to the accusation is required. Experimentations show that using the proposed decoder gives better performance than the well-known symmetric version of the Tardos decoder for common attack channels

Traitor tracing codes for digital content protection

En traçage de traîtres, plusieurs copies d'un même contenu sont personnalisées avant distribution pour identifier d'éventuelles fuites d'informations. Dans le contexte de la distribution de contenus multimédia, cette personnalisation repose sur une construction jointe d'un code composé d'identifiants uniques et d'un algorithme de dissimulation d'informations. Une des problématiques majeure de cette construction est de conserver des propriétés d'identification même en cas d'attaques par collusion d'une coalition de traîtres, c'est-à-dire lorsque plusieurs copies d'utilisateurs (les traîtres) sont utilisées pour créer une copie pirate inconnue du système. Ces attaques doivent être contrées d'une part, au niveau du code traçant et d'autre part au niveau de l'algorithme d'insertion. Pour une distribution de contenus à grande échelle, il est nécessaire d'aborder le problème de la génération des identifiants de manière probabiliste. Le code de Gabor Tardos est alors l'approche la plus performante pour un alphabet binaire. Cependant, pour des identifiants à valeurs réelles respectant une contrainte de distorsion à l'insertion, ces identifiants binaires ne sont plus optimaux en terme d'erreur de décodage. Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé un décodeur MAP non informé pour améliorer le décodage du code de Tardos. Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à combiner les approches de codes à valeurs binaires et réelles afin d'améliorer les performances de traçage. Enfin, nous avons abordé le problème de la complexité de décodage avec une approche hiérarchique de codes à deux niveaux.In Traitor Tracing, preventing leaks of a digital content comes with the personalization of each delivered copy. For multimedia content distribution, such as video on demand applications, the personalization depends on a joint construction between a code of unique sequences and a data hiding tool. The major issue is to keep tracing properties even in case of collusion attacks proceed by a coalition of traitors. Collusion attacks have to be counteract both on the code layer with anti-collusion construction and on the data hiding layer with robust watermarking. For large scale multimedia content distribution, it is necessary to tackle the problem of the code generation in a probabilistic manner. The binary code of Gabor Tardos is actually the best approach of probabilistic traitor tracing codes. However, for real valued signals prone to distortion constraint, which is the context in multimedia digital watermarking, Tardos binary fingerprints are no longer optimal in term of decoding error. Our work concerns several aspects of probabilistic codes construction. Firstly, we gives new accusation functions in the Tardos tracing framework with a non informed MAP (Maximum A Posteriori) decoder leading to decrease errors probabilities. Secondly, we proposed a joint construction of binary and real values codes so as to improve collusion robustness. Finally we focus on a hierarchical two layers codes construction which reduces the Tardos decoding complexity

Tardos codes for real

International audienceThis paper deals with active fingerprinting a.k.a. traitor tracing where a collusion of dishonest users merges their individual versions of a content to yield a pirated copy. The Tardos codes are one of the most powerful tools to fight against such collusion process by identifying the colluders. Instead of studying as usual the necessary and sufficient code length in a theoretical setup, we adopt the point of view of the practitioner. We call this the \textit{operational mode}, \ie a practical setup where a Tardos code has already been deployed and a pirated copy has been found. This new paradigm shows that the known bounds on the probability of accusing an innocent in the theoretical setup are way too pessimistic. Indeed the practitioner can resort to much tighter bounds because the problem is fundamentally much simpler under the operational mode. In the end, we benchmark under the operational mode several single decoders recently proposed in the literature. We believe this is a fair comparison reflecting what matters in reality

Active Surveillance Program to Increase Awareness on Invasive Fungal Diseases: the French RESSIF Network (2012 to 2018)

International audienceThe French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals leads an active and sustained nationwide surveillance program on probable and proven invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) to determine their epidemiology in France. Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 10,886 IFDs were recorded. The incidence increased slightly over time (2.16 to 2.36/10,000 hospitalization days, P = 0.0562) in relation with an increase of fungemia incidence (1.03 to 1.19/10,000, P = 0.0023), while that of other IFDs remained stable. The proportion of ≥65-year-old patients increased from 38.4% to 45.3% (P 60% of the cases) with a global mortality rate of 42.5% and 59.3%, respectively, at 3 months and significant changes in diagnosis procedure over time. More concurrent infections were also diagnosed over time (from 5.4% to 9.4% for mold IFDs, P = 0.0115). In conclusion, we observed an aging of patients with IFD with a significant increase in incidence only for yeast fungemia, a trend toward more concurrent infections, which raises diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Overall, global survival associated with IFDs has not improved despite updated guidelines and new diagnostic tools.IMPORTANCE The epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) is hard to delineate given the difficulties in ascertaining the diagnosis that is often based on the confrontation of clinical and microbiological criteria. The present report underlines the interest of active surveillance involving mycologists and clinicians to describe the global incidence and that of the main IFDs. Globally, although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, invasive aspergillosis, and mucormycosis remained stable over the study period (2012 to 2018), that of yeast fungemia increased slightly. We also show here that IFDs seem to affect older people more frequently. The most worrisome observation is the lack of improvement in the global survival rate associated with IFDs despite the increasing use of more sensitive diagnostic tools, the availability of new antifungal drugs very active in clinical trials, and a still low/marginal rate of acquired in vitro resistance in France. Therefore, other tracks of improvement should be investigated actively