Intron analysis of <i>A. gossypii</i> and <i>A. pisum OR</i> genes.

<p>The intron positions of <i>A. gossypii</i> and <i>A. pisum OR</i> genes are shown relative to a scale of the average receptor size in amino acids. The x-axis indicates the exon-exon junction positions relative to the amino acid scale of 400aa. The y-axis indicates the number of <i>ORs</i> harbouring each exon-exon junction positions.</p

Summary of putative ionotropic receptor genes of A. <i>gossypii.</i>

<p>Summary of putative ionotropic receptor genes of A. <i>gossypii.</i></p

Conserved amino acid positions analysis of Drosophila iGluRs and <i>A. gossypii</i> IRs.

<p>(A) Amino acid alignments of part of the S1 ligand binding domains. (B) Amino acid alignments of part of the S2 ligand binding domains. (C) Amino acid alignments of part of the pore loop (P) and M2 transmembrane segment of the ion channel domain. The positions of key ligand binding residues in iGluRs are marked with asterisks at the top.</p

Summary of putative odorant receptor genes of A. <i>gossypii.</i>

<p>Summary of putative odorant receptor genes of A. <i>gossypii.</i></p

Expression profiles of putative <i>AgoORs</i>.

<p>The expression was standardized to the expression level of cotton aphid <i>GAPDH</i> gene using 2^−ΔΔCt method.</p

Unrooted tree of putative <i>AgoIRs</i>.

<p>Ago: <i>Aphis gossypii</i>; Dmel: <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>; Bmor: <i>Bombyx mori</i>; Slit: <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>. Bootstrap support values presented as percentages were based on 1000 replicates. Accession numbers of sequences used in the analysis were listed in our previous paper (Liu et al., 2012).</p

Expression profiles of putative <i>AgoIRs</i>.

<p>The expression was standardized to the expression level of cotton aphid <i>GAPDH</i> gene using 2^−ΔΔCt method.</p

Effect of Surface Modifying Biopolymers on Sand Cohesion

Coastal erosion is a substantial problem in the United States and throughout the world. A novel approach to mitigating this problem is through the application of surface-modifying biopolymers to sand on beaches. Field research conducted by Dr. Amine Dahmani has shown that these organic complexes can coat granular sediments and increase sediment cohesion, thereby decreasing the erodability of the sediment. The goal of this thesis is to quantify the impact of proprietary surface-modifying biopolymer formulations on sand cohesion in order to better engineer this innovative solution for sand retention and potentially contaminated sediment sand cap stabilization. The impact of the biopolymer treatment on sand cohesion was evaluated with the use of the direct shear test (ASTM D3080). Testing was performed on both untreated control sand samples and sand samples treated with various dosages of biopolymer. Several variations of the testing method were evaluated in order to develop an appropriate testing protocol. The results indicate that treating sand with biopolymers can significantly increase sand cohesion. In addition, it was determined that this increased cohesion is directly related to the concentration of biopolymer

The Duty to Disclose and the Prisoner\u27s Dilemma: Laidlaw v. Organ

<p>The shown tree was constructed using FastTree based on alignment results of MAFFT. Harm: <i>H. armigera</i> (black), Hass: <i>H. assulta</i> (red), Bmor: <i>B. mori</i> (blue), Hvir: <i>H. virescens</i> (purple).</p

Unigenes of candidate odorant binding proteins in <i>H. assulta</i> and <i>H. armigera</i>.

<p>Unigenes of candidate odorant binding proteins in <i>H. assulta</i> and <i>H. armigera</i>.</p