KETIADAAN FUNGSI ASAS LEGALITASDALAM HUKUM PIDANA UNTUK MELINDUNGI KEPENTINGAN KORBAN

Abstract   In practical terms, Principle of Legality perform the function of protection and functionality limitations. The main problems principle of legality is of the absence of protection for victims. The absence of these functions is a logical consequence of the idea of the basic principle of legality in the form of guaranteed protection of the rights of citizens, by limiting the king's power and authority of judges through the instrument of criminal law. Reasons and the main purpose of this idea is to prevent citizens from criminal justice implementation arbitrary. In the life of the law, the legality principle which should give equal protection, was not able to provide protection against the public interest. In ethical life, the legality principle as a principle of law that is supposed to be in the public interest, it turns out more priority to the interests of offenders.   Key words:  principle of legality, protection function, interests of victims     Abstrak   Secara praktis, Asas Legalitas melakukan fungsi perlindungan dan fungsi pembatasan. Problema utama Asas Legalitas adalah ketiadaan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan korban. Ketiadaan fungsi tersebut merupakan konsekuensi logis dari gagasan dasar  Asas Legalitas berupa  jaminan perlindungan hak-hak warga negara, dengan cara membatasi kekuasaan raja serta kewenangan hakim melalui  instrumen undang-undang pidana. Alasan dan tujuan utama gagasan ini untuk menghindarkan warga negara dari pelaksanaan peradilan pidana yang sewenang-wenang. Dalam kehidupan hukum, Asas Legalitas yang seharusnya memberikan perlindungan yang seimbang, ternyata tidak mampu memberikan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan masya rakat. Dalam kehidupan etis, Asas Legalitas sebagai suatu asas hukum yang seharusnya lebih mengutamakan kepentingan masyarakat, ternyata lebih mengutamakan kepentingan pelaku. Kata kunci: Asas Legalitas, fungsi perlindungan, kepentingan korba

KRITIK IDEOLOGIS TERHADAP DASAR KEFILSAFATAN ASAS LEGALITAS DALAM HUKUM PIDANA

The essence of legality principle is “None is punishable for doing something unless it is forbidden by law established prior to the action”. Consequently, actor of wrongdoing will not be criminally prosecuted unless penal statutes prohibit what he or she has done. The purpose of this article is to criticize the basic philosophy of legality principle. The point of departure of the critique is ontological basis of legality principle; subsequently, it goes to axiological basis of the principle. By ideological critique, it is to open up to view and at the same time criticize the basic substance and value of legality principle. In addition, this article also reexamines the legality principle. It is found that from both ontological and axiological bases, legality principle has shortcoming in that it relies upon statute rather than the substance of the conduct that may harm another. This article recommends that another more comprehensive principle be introduced, in which ‘any crime should be punished if it contradicts criminal law’ or nullum crimen (delictum) nulla poena sine prǽvia iure poenali (No offense, no punishment without criminal law previously exists)