Microsatellite (SSR) data

Sheet 1 contains genotypes for 6 chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) loci and Sheet 2 contains genotypes for 6 nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci for each valley oak (Quercus lobata) sample. GPS coordinates, sample code and population codes are also given. Sheet 3 is a readme file indicating which additional articles to cite when using the data

SSR_genotypes

Eight nuclear SSRs genotyped in the 44 populations of the Aleppo pine

Incorporating exposure to pitch canker disease to support management decisions of <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait. in the face of climate change

<div><p>Climate change is gravely affecting forest ecosystems, resulting in large distribution shifts as well as in increasing infection diseases and biological invasions. Accordingly, forest management requires an evaluation of exposure to climate change that should integrate both its abiotic and biotic components. Here we address the implications of climate change in an emerging disease by analysing both the host species (<i>Pinus pinaster</i>, Maritime pine) and the pathogen’s (<i>Fusarium circinatum</i>, pitch canker) environmental suitability i.e. estimating the host’s risk of habitat loss and the disease`s future environmental range. We constrained our study area to the Spanish Iberian Peninsula, where accurate climate and pitch canker occurrence databases were available. While <i>P</i>. <i>pinaster</i> is widely distributed across the study area, the disease has only been detected in its north-central and north-western edges. We fitted species distribution models for the current distribution of the conifer and the disease. Then, these models were projected into nine Global Climate Models and two different climatic scenarios which totalled to 18 different future climate predictions representative of 2050. Based on the level of agreement among them, we created future suitability maps for the pine and for the disease independently, which were then used to assess exposure of current populations of <i>P</i>. <i>pinaster</i> to abiotic and biotic effects of climate change. Almost the entire distribution of <i>P</i>. <i>pinaster</i> in the Spanish Iberian Peninsula will be subjected to abiotic exposure likely to be driven by the predicted increase in drought events in the future. Furthermore, we detected a reduction in exposure to pitch canker that will be concentrated along the north-western edge of the study area. Setting up breeding programs is recommended in highly exposed and productive populations, while silvicultural methods and monitoring should be applied in those less productive, but still exposed, populations.</p></div

Current abiotic and biotic exposure assessment of <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait approached by current suitability maps of <i>P</i>. <i>pinaster</i> and pitch canker disease respectively.

<p>Charts sizes are proportional to <i>P</i>. <i>pinaster</i> occupancy within deployment regions. Numbers in the legend correspond to the percent of the distribution classified within each exposure combination.</p

Environmental_Data

Bioclimatic variables, water availability and aridity indexes

Geographic projections of species distribution models of <i>Pinus pinaster</i> (P. pin; a-c) and pitch canker disease (Disease; d-f).

<p>Current climate projections are shown in probabilistic projections, where the values oscillate between 0 to 100—a) and d)—and in binary projections, restricted to 0 or 1 values—b) and e). Future suitability maps summarizing 18 future climate predictions are shown in c) and f).</p

Complete list of environmental variables tested as candidates to be included in species distribution models (SDMs) for the pitch canker disease and <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait.

<p>Complete list of environmental variables tested as candidates to be included in species distribution models (SDMs) for the pitch canker disease and <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait.</p

Global Climate Models (GCMs) used to obtain future climate predictions representative of 2050.

<p>All GCMs were calculated for two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, totalling to 18 (9 x 2) different future climate predictions.</p

Future (2050) abiotic and biotic exposure assessment of <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait approached by future suitability maps of <i>P</i>. <i>pinaster</i> and pitch canker disease respectively.

<p>Charts sizes are proportional to <i>P</i>. <i>pinaster</i> occupancy within deployment regions. Numbers in the legend correspond to the percent of the distribution classified within each exposure combination.</p

Climatic factors, genetic structure and phenotypic variation in English yew (Taxus baccata L.)

<b>Influence of climatic factors on genetic structure and phenotypic variation in English yew (</b><i><b>Taxus baccata</b></i><b> L.)</b> Conference "Adapting to global change in the Mediterranean hotspot" (Seville, 18-20 September 2013)<br><br><p> Mediterranean forests constitute long-term reservoirs of biodiversity and adaptive potential. As compared with their central or northern European counterparts, Mediterranean forests are characterized by highly heterogeneous and fragmented environments, providing ideal models to investigate the interaction between drift, natural selection and gene flow on the patterns of local adaptation. </p> <p> <br> </p> <p> Some conifers like Mediterranean pines are becoming new model systems to study genetic adaptation to heterogeneous environments, due to their large undomesticated populations and remarkable phenotypic differences in adaptive traits across populations despite high levels of gene flow. However, other conifers with different demography and life-history might respond in different way. English yew (<i>Taxus baccata</i> L.) is a dioecious long-lived gymnosperm currently found throughout most of the European continent, occurring in a great diversity of habitats and plant community types. Unlike other widespread conifers, yew is often found forming small and isolated populations. Many Mediterranean populations also show highly irregular size/age structures and biased sex ratios, revealing recent demographic bottlenecks, as well as highly structured patterns of neutral genetic diversity. Despite small population sizes and reduced genetic diversity, remarkable phenotypic differences exist in many traits as revealed by common garden experiments, suggesting the existence of local adaptations.</p> <p> <br> </p> <p> To further investigate the relative importance of selective and non-selective processes on genetic and phenotypic variability of English yew, we analyzed neutral genetic diversity at the whole distribution range and evaluated the relative importance of current and past climatic conditions in the observed patterns of genetic variation. In addition, we measured potentially adaptive traits in a common environment, and related observed differences with climatic conditions. Our results suggest that climate, in particular temperature, has acted as an important selective pressure on English yew, explaining regional differences in performance (growth, phenology) and functional (taxane production) traits. Temperature also seems involved in the independent evolution of two genetic pools at the species distribution level. </p> <br