Atomic Layer Deposition of Transparent and Conducting p‑Type Cu(I) Incorporated ZnS Thin Films: Unravelling the Role of Compositional Heterogeneity on Optical and Carrier Transport Properties

Optically transparent and highly conducting p-type Cu­(I) incorporated ZnS (Cu:ZnS) films are deposited by stacking individual layers of CuS and ZnS using atomic layer deposition. The deposition chemistry and growth mechanism are studied by in situ quartz crystal microbalance. Compositional disorder in atomic scale is observed with increasing Cu incorporation in the films that results in systematic decrease in the optical transmittance in the visible spectrum. Again the conductivity also emphatically depends on the volume fraction of phase-segregated conducting covellite phase. An illustrious correlation prevailing the interplay between the optical transparency and the charge transport mechanism is established. The hole transport mechanism that indicates insulator-to-metal transition with increasing Cu incorporation in the composite is explained in terms of an inhomogeneously disordered system. Under optimized conditions, the material having moderately high optical transmission with degenerate carrier concentration lies exactly at the confluence between the metallic and insulating regime. The lowest resistivity that is obtained here (1.3 × 10^–3 Ω cm) with >90% (after reflection correction) transmission is highly comparable to the best ones that are reported in the field and probably analogous to the commercially available n-type transparent conductors

Dimensionality-Dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior

A variety of cells are subject to mechanical stretch in vivo, which plays a critical role in the function and homeostasis of cells, tissues, and organs. Deviations from the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch are often associated with organ dysfunction and various diseases. Although mechanical stretch is provided in some in vitro cell culture models, the effects of stretch dimensionality on cells are often overlooked and it remains unclear whether and how stretch dimensionality affects cell behavior. Here we develop cell culture platforms that provide 1-D uniaxial, 2-D circumferential, or 3-D radial mechanical stretches, which recapitulate the three major types of mechanical stretches that cells experience in vivo. We investigate the behavior of human microvascular endothelial cells and human alveolar epithelial cells cultured on these platforms, showing that the mechanical stretch influences cell morphology and cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions in a stretch dimensionality-dependent manner. Furthermore, the endothelial and epithelial cells are sensitive to the physiologically relevant 2-D and 3-D stretches, respectively, which could promote the formation of endothelium and epithelium. This study underscores the importance of recreating the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch in the development of in vitro tissue/organ models

Dimensionality-Dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior

A variety of cells are subject to mechanical stretch in vivo, which plays a critical role in the function and homeostasis of cells, tissues, and organs. Deviations from the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch are often associated with organ dysfunction and various diseases. Although mechanical stretch is provided in some in vitro cell culture models, the effects of stretch dimensionality on cells are often overlooked and it remains unclear whether and how stretch dimensionality affects cell behavior. Here we develop cell culture platforms that provide 1-D uniaxial, 2-D circumferential, or 3-D radial mechanical stretches, which recapitulate the three major types of mechanical stretches that cells experience in vivo. We investigate the behavior of human microvascular endothelial cells and human alveolar epithelial cells cultured on these platforms, showing that the mechanical stretch influences cell morphology and cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions in a stretch dimensionality-dependent manner. Furthermore, the endothelial and epithelial cells are sensitive to the physiologically relevant 2-D and 3-D stretches, respectively, which could promote the formation of endothelium and epithelium. This study underscores the importance of recreating the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch in the development of in vitro tissue/organ models

Dimensionality-Dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior

A variety of cells are subject to mechanical stretch in vivo, which plays a critical role in the function and homeostasis of cells, tissues, and organs. Deviations from the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch are often associated with organ dysfunction and various diseases. Although mechanical stretch is provided in some in vitro cell culture models, the effects of stretch dimensionality on cells are often overlooked and it remains unclear whether and how stretch dimensionality affects cell behavior. Here we develop cell culture platforms that provide 1-D uniaxial, 2-D circumferential, or 3-D radial mechanical stretches, which recapitulate the three major types of mechanical stretches that cells experience in vivo. We investigate the behavior of human microvascular endothelial cells and human alveolar epithelial cells cultured on these platforms, showing that the mechanical stretch influences cell morphology and cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions in a stretch dimensionality-dependent manner. Furthermore, the endothelial and epithelial cells are sensitive to the physiologically relevant 2-D and 3-D stretches, respectively, which could promote the formation of endothelium and epithelium. This study underscores the importance of recreating the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch in the development of in vitro tissue/organ models

Structure Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzosuberene Analogues as Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization

A promising design paradigm for small-molecule inhibitors of tubulin polymerization that bind to the colchicine site draws structural inspiration from the natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 (CA4). Our previous studies with benzocycloalkenyl and heteroaromatic ring systems yielded promising inhibitors with dihydronaphthalene and benzosuberene analogues featuring phenolic (KGP03 and KGP18) and aniline (KGP05 and KGP156) congeners emerging as lead agents. These molecules demonstrated dual mechanism of action, functioning both as potent vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) and as highly cytotoxic anticancer agents. A further series of analogues was designed to extend functional group diversity and investigate regioisomeric tolerance. Ten new molecules were effective inhibitors of tubulin polymerization (IC50 < 5 μM) with seven of these exhibiting highly potent activity comparable to CA4, KGP18, and KGP03. For one of the most effective agents, dose-dependent vascular shutdown was demonstrated using dynamic bioluminescence imaging in a human prostate tumor xenograft growing in a rat

Figure S3 from EGFR Mutations Compromise Hypoxia-Associated Radiation Resistance through Impaired Replication Fork–Associated DNA Damage Repair

Camptothecin and hydroxyurea have differing effects on RPA associated H2AX foci in WT-EGFR expressing S-phase cells.</p

Figure S1 from EGFR Mutations Compromise Hypoxia-Associated Radiation Resistance through Impaired Replication Fork–Associated DNA Damage Repair

MT-EGFR expression reduces survival in NSCLCs and HBEC cells.</p

Figure S4 from EGFR Mutations Compromise Hypoxia-Associated Radiation Resistance through Impaired Replication Fork–Associated DNA Damage Repair

MT-EGFR expression in HBEC cells is associated with dramatically elevated levels of replication factors.</p

SF Legends from EGFR Mutations Compromise Hypoxia-Associated Radiation Resistance through Impaired Replication Fork–Associated DNA Damage Repair

Supplementary Figure Legends.</p