The Effects of Low Temperature Cooking on the Deinking of Groundwood

An experiment was designed to lower the temperature of the cooking stage in the deinking of groundwood. The cook chemicals consisted of sodium meta-silicate, sodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide and surfactants. The pulp was cooked over a temperature of 50°F-130°F. The pulp was washed on a laboratory sidehill screen and brightness pads were made. The object of the experiment was to reduce the cook temperature and use additional surfactant to maintain the brightness. Maximum brightness values were found a 0.1% surfactant and 110°F, and 0.3% surfactant and 90°F. A cost analysis revealed that a system can operate at slightly elevated temperatures and low surfactant level. This type of system is more economically feasible than operating at low temperatures and higher surfactant level. Keywords: Deinking, washing, secondary fiber, newsprin

Portions and countability: a crosslinguistic investigation

We examine three constructions across several languages in which a mass noun is embedded in what appears to be a count environment, but the construction as a whole remains mass. We argue that the discussed phenomena - 'Q-noun' constructions like 'lots of water', bare measure constructions like 'kilos of sugar', and pluralised mass nouns in languages like Greek and Persian - all involve portioning-out of the embedded mass denotation. Adopting an overlap-based approach to the mass/count distinction (e.g. Rothstein 2011, Landman 2011, 2016, Khrizman et al 2015), we argue that the same portioning-out operator may result in either a count or a mass NP depending on whether (count) or not (mass) it is the syntactic head of the portion phrase. We provide a compositional semantics to account for this. The examined phenomena all share an inference of large quantity or abundance that, we argue, cannot be reduced to the lexical meaning of the portioning-out expression, nor to a multiplicity inference contributed by plural morphology. We show that our cases of mass portioning-out involve a total order ≤ on portion size and propose to analyse the abundance inference in terms of an uninformativity-based Quantity implicature, following the analysis of the positive form ("Mary is tall") in Rett's (2015) approach to adjectival gradability

The Dutch Banking Chipcard Game

The banks in the Dutch chipcard market initially agreed on one chipcard system. One system is attractive for companies as well as consumers. Companies, banks and retailers, prevent costs of duplication, while consumers enjoy the benefits of a widespread acceptance of one card and do not face uncertainty regarding the chipcard standard. Two standards could harm the development of the chipcard market. However, one bank withdrew from the initial agreement and introduced its own chipcard system in December 1995. This has resulted in a costly battle between the two banking chipcard standards, duplication costs for retailers, the introduction of a gateway technology in order to establish compatibility for users, and low market acceptance of the chipcards. March 2001, after a struggle of more than five years, the banks decided to return to one chipcard. The rationality of the decision to withdraw, despite the prospect that everybody may be worse off, will be analyzed from the perspective of game theory and the theory regarding standards battles

VITALAS at TRECVID-2008

In this paper, we present our experiments in TRECVID 2008 about High-Level feature extraction task. This is the first year for our participation in TRECVID, our system adopts some popular approaches that other workgroups proposed before. We proposed 2 advanced low-level features NEW Gabor texture descriptor and the Compact-SIFT Codeword histogram. Our system applied well-known LIBSVM to train the SVM classifier for the basic classifier. In fusion step, some methods were employed such as the Voting, SVM-base, HCRF and Bootstrap Average AdaBoost(BAAB)

How environmental protection agencies can promote eco-innovation: The prospect of voluntary reciprocal legitimacy

Abstract This paper examines the \{UK\} and Irish Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) ability to move beyond regulatory compliance to support and promote sustainable environmental innovation, in short “eco-innovation”. To do so would require them to overcome the perception that they face, often being perceived as ‘policemen’ by the regulated business community. We propose a new empirically-derived theoretical construct called Voluntary Reciprocal Legitimacy (VRL), defined as the development of mutual trust between the regulator and business resulting in arrangements which generate eco-innovation benefits for the regulator, the regulated business communities and society at large. \{VRL\} adds a new category to Suchman's (1995) theory of moral legitimacy as well as highlights how \{EPAs\} can build trust between themselves and regulated business, allowing a shift of the ‘beyond compliance’ legislative boundary. Such an approach supports eco-innovation whilst simultaneously protecting the natural environment

Portions and countability : A crosslinguistic investigation

We examine three constructions across several languages in which a mass noun is embedded in what appears to be a count environment, but the construction as a whole remains mass. We argue that the discussed phenomena—“Q-noun” constructions like lots of water, bare measure constructions like kilos of sugar, and pluralised mass nouns in languages like Greek and Persian—all involve portioning-out of the embedded mass denotation. We provide a structural account of portioning out and propose structures that derive both mass and count portioning out. Adopting an overlap-based approach to the mass/count distinction (e.g. Landman 2011; Rothstein 2011; Khrizman et al. 2015; Landman 2016) we provide a compositional semantics for the proposed structures. The examined phenomena all share an inference of large quantity or abundance that, we argue, cannot be reduced to the lexical meaning of the portioning-out expression, nor to a multiplicity inference contributed by plural morphology. We show that our cases of mass portioning-out involve a total order ≤ on portion size and propose to analyse the abundance inference in terms of an uninformativity-based Quantity implicature, following the analysis of the positive form (Mary is tall) in Rett’s (2015) approach to adjectival gradability

Portions and countability: a crosslinguistic investigation

We examine three constructions across several languages in which a mass noun is embedded in what appears to be a count environment, but the construction as a whole remains mass. We argue that the discussed phenomena—“Q-noun” constructions like lots of water, bare measure constructions like kilos of sugar, and pluralised mass nouns in languages like Greek and Persian—all involve portioning-out of the embedded mass denotation. We provide a structural account of portioning out and propose structures that derive both mass and count portioning out. Adopting an overlap-based approach to the mass/count distinction (e.g. Landman 2011; Rothstein 2011; Khrizman et al. 2015; Landman 2016) we provide a compositional semantics for the proposed structures. The examined phenomena all share an inference of large quantity or abundance that, we argue, cannot be reduced to the lexical meaning of the portioning-out expression, nor to a multiplicity inference contributed by plural morphology. We show that our cases of mass portioning-out involve a total order ≤ on portion size and propose to analyse the abundance inference in terms of an uninformativity-based Quantity implicature, following the analysis of the positive form (Mary is tall) in Rett’s (2015) approach to adjectival gradability

Negotiation versus Brexit : The question of the UK’s constitutional relationship with the EU

This article examines how the British public perceived UK Prime Minister David Cameron's plan to renegotiate his country's relationship with the EU. It asks whether attitudes towards renegotiation followed a similar pattern to attitudes towards Brexit. It asks: are preferences towards renegotiation and Brexit related, and did British citizens perceive them as conflicting or complementary? We modelled the similarities and differences between these two types of preferences, which allowed us to classify the attitudes into four patterns: unconditional europhiles, rejectionist eurosceptics, risk‐averse eurosceptics and power‐seeking eurosceptics. Using a large‐N cross‐sectional survey conducted in the UK in April 2015 (n = 3000), our findings suggest that similar utilitarian concerns underpinned both types of preferences; but education and partisan cues differentiated them. Our findings have implications for understanding the result of the UK referendum. They also highlight the complex considerations that drive citizens’ attitudes towards the EU and help us predict the scope of public acceptance of EU reform initiatives by other governments

High-pressure, non compliant balloon angioplasty for long and calcified infrapopliteal and inframalleolar lesions is feasible

Background: To evaluate the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of high-pressure, noncompliant balloon angioplasty in the management of long infrapopliteal calcified lesions. Methods: Consecutive patients, presenting with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and long (>100 mm) calcified infrapopliteal lesions who were treated with a high pressure, noncompliant balloon (JADE, OrbusNeich, Hong Kong) between January 2016 and July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Angioplasty was performed by inflating the balloon to a pressure of 22 to 24 atm for 90 seconds. Primary outcome was technical success. Secondary outcomes were procedure-related complications, limb salvage, amputation-free survival (AFS), wound healing, overall survival, freedom from clinically driven target lesion reintervention (CD-TLR), and resolution of CLTI at 2 and 3 years. Results: Overall, 23 lesions in 21 limbs of 20 patients were treated. All patients had tissue loss (Rutherford 5 or 6). The mean lesion length was 374.8 mm. Of all lesions, 56.5% were occlusions, 91.3% were classified as TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C and D lesions, and 78.3% had severe calcification classification. Of all lesions, 52.2% extended into the below-the-ankle arteries. Technical success was achieved in 22 lesions (95.7%). There were no procedure-related complications. No bailout stenting was required. At 2 and 3 years, limb salvage was 84.7% and 78.7%, AFS was 71.4% and 56.1%, wound healing was 81.0% and 85.7%, overall survival was 75.0% and 64.3% and freedom from CD-TLR was 77.6% and 63.5%, respectively. Resolution of CLTI without TLR was 81.0% at 2 and 3 years. Conclusions: This study is the first to analyze safety and feasibility of a high-pressure, noncompliant balloon for long, calcified infrapopliteal and inframalleolar lesions