Impact Of Distributed Generation On Power System Protection

This dissertation describes a simulation study of the impact of distributed generation (DG) interconnection to an existing distribution system of an Iraq system. The increase load demand in many countries pushes the electrical company to use DG technology to meet their load. From the literature review, it was found in spite of many positive effects of DG such as reduce the power losses and reduce voltage drop; the parallel operation of DG with an existing distribution system has many technical problems. One of the most significant issues of parallel operation is the change of fault level and suitability of existing protection system that indeed needs to be maintained within acceptable limits as defined in the international standards. Therefore, this dissertation is performed to investigate the impact of DG based synchronous generator driven by diesel engine on both the fault level and protection system. A small part of the distribution system in Baghdad capital-Iraq which the DG is currently interconnected at 11kV bus has been chosen and modeled using DIgSILENT PowerFactory version 15. The impacts of DG installation at three different locations, i.e. two possible locations which are 33kV and 132kV buses as well as the actual location have been investigated. The dissertation basically includes two investigations which are; examine the change in the fault level without the presence of DG and with DG interconnection at three interconnection locations by executing three-phase fault at each bus of the network as well as investigate the suitability of protection devices through performing single-line-to-ground and three-phase faults at 33kV and 11kV feeders within the distribution system. The results show that after an extensive simulation study, the increase in short circuit level is noticeable at the buses where the DG is interconnected and the protection performance of unidirectional overcurrent relay suffer from blinding and sympathetic tripping as well as the under reach of distance relay, therefore, a series remedy is needed for safety purposes and to reliability of the system

Aligning Translation Curricula with Technological Advancements; Insights from Artificial Intelligence Researchers and Language Educators

This study expounded on methods, approaches, and strategies for aligning translation curricula with technological enhancements in the effort to train translators who are good to function in the AI-driven translation industry. The study sample consisted of 83 university lecturers in translation studies and 151 artificial intelligence experts from ten Jordanian universities. The study was carried out during the academic year 2022-2023. Moreover, the study design is a survey approach, and the strategy of the research is quantitative. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analysis was conducted using relevant descriptive statistics tools, including the percentile values of the Likert scale, the mean, and the standard deviation. In addition, the findings generally indicate that task-based approach, team-based strategy, blended learning, and reflective system are the main pedagogical strategies and teaching techniques that work optimally for incorporating AI-based translation technologies into translation curricula. Similarly, the findings generated from the data analysis further suggest that the main strategies to ensure alignment of translation curriculum with technological advancements are careful designing of specific lessons for technology in translation, formation of partnerships between industry players (translation industry leaders and AI experts), and translation curriculum designers, continuous review of the curriculum, and inclusion of creativity and critical thinking for the students. Finally, it is concluded that translation curriculum designers must always review the translation curriculum, partner with translation industry leaders and AI experts, and integrate critical thinking and creativity into the translation curriculum system. This is to ensure that the trained translators can function effectively in the AI-driven translation industry

Fuzzy Logic Based Scheme for Directional Earth Fault Detection and Classification

This paper presents a fuzzy-logic-based protection scheme for detecting the direction of earth faults in a transmission network using polarized voltage. The IEEE 9-Bus transmission network has been used to test the fuzzy logic scheme in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed scheme involves the measurement of RMS value of each phase voltage in order to detect occurrence of a fault; the direction of fault is determined by measuring the phase angle between the fault current and the polarized or reference voltage. The proposed scheme has been tested in six earth fault cases, faults in the forward and reverse direction per phase. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protection scheme is able to detect earth fault and classify the fault direction accurately within one cycle time

MRI Guided Stereotactic Biopsies or Aspirations in Deep Seated Brain Lesions: An Experience of 146 Cases at Nishtar Hospital, Multan

Objective: To determine frequency of positive biopsies or aspirates and safety in deep seated brain lesion, with use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging compatible stereotactic system.Study Design: Prospective cross sectional.Setting: The study was performed at Neurosurgery Department Nishtar Hospital, Multan.Duration of Study: From 01-07-2008 to 30-06-2012.Material and Methods: A total of 146 patients of age between 12 – 18 years of either sex having deep, intrinsic cystic lesion of the brain less or equal to 4 cm2 in size and excluding the extensively vascular lesion diagnosed on Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging underwent Stereotactic biopsy or aspiration with Mag-netic Resonance Imaging compatible Leksell’s stereotactic system. The tissue specimens were analyzed by stan-dard histopathological methods. The safety was measured in context of absence of complications i.e. hemorrhage, new onset of neurological deficit and fits. Data was analyzed via computer software SPSS 10 version for win-dows.Results: Among 146 patients with deep seated cystic brain lesions were selected for aspiration by using MRI guided stereotactic system. Their age ranged from 12 years to 80 years with Mean = 37.73 ± Standard deviation (SD) = 18.12. Among them 86 (58.9%) were male and 60 (41.1%) female. Biopsies or aspirates were positive in 136 (93.2%) cases while negative in 10 (6.8%) cases.Conclusion: We conclude that MRI assisted stereotactic brain aspiration is safe and effective procedure with a high diagnostic yield at our center

Risk Factors for Stroke In, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta

Stroke is one of the leading causes of physical impairment and mortality worldwide. Optimizing preventive strategies will help decrease the burden of stroke. The objectives of this study were to determine common stroke risk factors, by analyzing a comprehensive panel of variables in our local population. 200 patients were consecutively enrolled in this prospective observational study at stroke unit (SU) of Bolan Medical Complex Hospital over 6 months from March 2019 to August 2019. Structured questionnaires were prepared History and clinical examination were performed to gather relevant information. CT scan of brain was done to confirm the diagnosis of stroke. Other necessary tests were run. A total of 200 patients were included in the study, of which 98 (49%) were males and 102 (51%) were females. Vascular risk factors were present in 182 patients (91%), of which the most common was hypertension in 121 patients (60.5%) followed by smoking in 89 patients (44.5%), diabetes in 62 patients (31%) and obesity in 58 patients (29%). Dyslipidaemia was present in 17 patients (8.5%), cardiac disease 14 patients (7.0%), ischemic heart diseases in 7 (3-5%), arterial fibrillation in 5 (2.5) and 5 (2.5) had a family history of stroke. Hypertension was the most common stroke identified in this study, likely because of the great pervasiveness of this disease in our region. This study also highlights the prevalence of other vascular risk factors including smoking, diabetes mellitis, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and ischemic heart diseases in our community, which are associated with poor physical activity, low income, and poor health awareness. We suggest numerous community-based awareness programs in Baluchistan to improve local area perception about stroke and its risk factors

Misperception About Epilepsy Among Common Public in Balochistan

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Epilepsy is a treatable chronic neurological illness that is frequently associated with supernatural activity. The objectives of this study were to determine common myths and misperception about epilepsy by analysing a comprehensive panel of variables in our local population. Methods: We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire interview survey in three different shopping malls. One thousand people were randomly enrolled in this cross-sectional study at Quetta, Baluchistan, during the period of 21 august 2021 to 30 august 2021. Results: A total of 1000 people were interviewed; among them 220(22%) were male and 780(78%) were female. Individuals between the age of 20 years and above were included in the study. Nine-hundred-eighty (98%) respondents had heard about epilepsy. Out of thousand people 419 (41.9%) thought that epilepsy was a brain disease, 488 (48.8%) responded that it was a ghost attack. Twenty-three (2.3%) believed it to be psychosis. The aspects of knowledge tested were on causes, types, and management of epilepsy. Forty-nine (4.9%) people believed that epilepsy was due to head trauma, 488 (48.8%) said it’s ghost attack, 67 (6.7%) said it’s because of evil eye, and 293 (29.3%) peoples believed that epilepsy was caused by black magic. Nine-hundred-twenty-eight (92.8%) people believed that home remedies such as sniffing shoes were effective in epilepsy. Conclusion: This study revealed a lack of awareness about epilepsy in Balochistan, as well as the prevalence of both negative and favourable attitudes about epilepsy. This result was much surprising because in this era of modern medicine and technology, still superstitious beliefs prevail among large population. The study also emphasized to increase public awareness and epilepsy education initiatives to change public opinions and promote the use of standard epileptic treatment

Gui Based Control System Analysis Using Pid Controller For Education

PID control strategy should be understood as a huge part in the education oriented on process control. Application of suitable GUI windows software can contribute in the increase of education quality and providing a better understanding of PID control through as it provides a user friendly environment which is suitable and comfortable for teaching, learning and training application. This paper present the PID control system analysis by explaining the PID controller three-term parameters, PID control types and structure, and PID tuning approach using Ziegler-Nichols and manual tuning method (in both s-domain and z-domain) with the help of simulation and Graphical User Interface GUI windows based on MATLAB. This software package is targeted for engineering students and practicing engineers