Characteristics of study participants by glaucoma status.^*

<p>*Data are means (SEs) or percentages (SEs).</p>†<p>P value for homogeneity of means or proportions comparing participants with to those without glaucoma.</p>‡<p>Values are based on the subsample of participants not taking insulin or medication for diabetes (N = 2,409).</p><p>Characteristics of study participants by glaucoma status.^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112460#nt101" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities by glaucoma status.^*

<p>*Data are percentages or means (SEs).</p>†<p>P value for homogeneity of means or proportions comparing participants with to those without glaucoma.</p><p>Prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities by glaucoma status.^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112460#nt104" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Adjusted odds ratio for glaucoma by levels of markers of glucose metabolism.

<p>Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 10^th, 50^th, and 90^th percentiles of the distribution of each marker of glucose metabolism. The reference value (odds ratio  = 1) was set at the 10^th percentile of each parameter. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (see text for details).</p

Association between markers of glucose metabolism and the presence of glaucoma^*

<p>*Conducted in people not taking diabetes medications.</p>†<p>Adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity.</p>‡<p>Further adjusted for smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, education, and BMI.</p><p>Association between markers of glucose metabolism and the presence of glaucoma^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112460#nt112" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Odds ratio and 95% CIs for the presence of glaucoma.

†<p>Adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity.</p>‡<p>Further adjusted for smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, education, and BMI.</p><p>*Diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or taking diabetic medications.Pre-diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥5.7% to <6.5%, or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL to <126 mg/dL.</p>§<p>Diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or taking diabetic medications. Pre-diabetes defined as self-report or HbA1c ≥5.7% to <6.5%.</p>†<p>Diabetes defined as self-report, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or taking diabetic medications. Pre-diabetes defined as self-report or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL to <126 mg/dL.</p>||<p>Values are based on the subsample of participants not taking insulin or medication for diabetes.</p><p>Odds ratio and 95% CIs for the presence of glaucoma.</p

Quantitative analysis of iris parameters in keratoconus patients using optical coherence tomography

ABSTRACTPurpose:To investigate the relationship between quantitative iris parameters and the presence of keratoconus.Methods:Cross-sectional observational study that included 15 affected eyes of 15 patients with keratoconus and 26 eyes of 26 normal age- and sex-matched controls. Iris parameters (area, thickness, and pupil diameter) of affected and unaffected eyes were measured under standardized light and dark conditions using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). To identify optimal iris thickness cutoff points to maximize the sensitivity and specificity when discriminating keratoconus eyes from normal eyes, the analysis included the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:Iris thickness and area were lower in keratoconus eyes than in normal eyes. The mean thickness at the pupillary margin under both light and dark conditions was found to be the best parameter for discriminating normal patients from keratoconus patients. Diagnostic performance was assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AROC), which had a value of 0.8256 with 80.0% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity, using a cutoff of 0.4125 mm. The sensitivity increased to 86.7% when a cutoff of 0.4700 mm was used.Conclusions:In our sample, iris thickness was lower in keratoconus eyes than in normal eyes. These results suggest that tomographic parameters may provide novel adjunct approaches for keratoconus screening.</div

Supplemental Figure legends from TGFβ Inhibition Prior to Hypofractionated Radiation Enhances Efficacy in Preclinical Models

Supplemental Figure legends from TGFβ Inhibition Prior to Hypofractionated Radiation Enhances Efficacy in Preclinical Model

Supplementary Figure 1 from TGFβ Inhibition Prior to Hypofractionated Radiation Enhances Efficacy in Preclinical Models

SM16 efficacy and radiosensitivity of CT26 and Panc02.</p

Supplementary Figure 2 from TGFβ Inhibition Prior to Hypofractionated Radiation Enhances Efficacy in Preclinical Models

Quantified effect of tumor size and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.</p

Vimentin is upregulated in podocytes of Alport glomeruli.

<p>A–C: Fresh frozen kidney sections from Alport mice were labeled with a combination of goat anti-vimentin and rabbit anti-GLEPP1 IgGs, followed by the appropriate species-specific Alexa Fluor secondaries. Vimentin labeling (A) is restricted to the epithelial podocyte layer, marked by GLEPP1 staining (B), overlap of staining is shown in C (merge). D–F: Representative fluorescence micrographs are shown of anti-vimentin labeling (Vim) of wild-type (D, wt), or Alport (E) mouse glomeruli. The relative glomerular fluorescence intensities were measured and averaged for n = 3 mice of each genotype, wildtype (wt, blue) or Alport (red). * p = 0.04.</p