Graphs showing the patterning of the main reason for sleep problems with different sleep behavior measures.

<p>Graphs showing the patterning of the main reason for sleep problems with different sleep behavior measures.</p

Graphs showing the patterning of the main reason for sleep problems with main sleep correlates.

<p>Graphs showing the patterning of the main reason for sleep problems with main sleep correlates.</p

Distribution of main reasons for sleep problems by age groups.

<p>Distribution of main reasons for sleep problems by age groups.</p

Diagram showing the number of people reporting sleep problems in the National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey and associated main reason.

<p>Diagram showing the number of people reporting sleep problems in the National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey and associated main reason.</p

Reasons for sleep disturbance by gender.

<p>The bars represent the 95% upper 95% confidence intervals for the frequency of each reason for sleep problems by gender.</p

Genetic unexceptionalism: Clinician accounts of genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia

This paper considers the implications of genetic testing in the case of familial hypercholesterolaemia, drawing on twenty semi-structured interviews with general practitioners (family doctors in primary care), nurses and specialists in hospital clinics (secondary care) in the UK. Though these professionals appear aware of and interested in the genetic component of the condition, and DNA testing is underway in at least some centres, their accounts suggest that the genetic test is not having a major impact on clinical work. Instead we find that professionals report that they generally rely on other information when making a diagnosis, especially cholesterol levels understood as a key risk factor, while the results of DNA tests, if used, come late in a much longer series of clinical investigations, judgements and inter- ventions. In addition to elaborating professional views of genetic testing, the research provides a way of understanding other studies that describe lay people as not necessarily privileging genetic explanations of familial hypercholesterolaemia

Herpes zoster codes.

(DOCX)</p

Electron Attachment in Ice−HCl Clusters: An ab Initio Study

Experimental work has shown that small amounts of HCl strongly enhance electron capture in ice films. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of adsorbed HCl on the interaction of electrons with small clusters of water. Studies were made with clusters of 6 and 12 water molecules with various geometries both with and without one HCl attached. A number of distinct HCl coordination motifs were examined. All of the neutral structures with HCl exhibited zero thresholds for electron attachment and formed dipole bound anionic states (DBS). The relaxation processes for these “initial DBS” depended on the number of H2O (n) and on the number and type of H-bonds to the HCl (x). The initial DBS of systems with only O−H···Cl H-binding underwent dissociative electron attachment (DEA), forming H atoms. Relaxation for systems with ClH···OH2 bonds was more complex. For the two layer n = 12 systems with x = 2 or 3 the HCl proton moved to the nearest oxygen to form H3O+. Then rearrangement of the proton network occurred, and the Cl- became solvated by three HO−H···Cl- bonds. The presence of Cl- and H3O+ increases the dipole moment and the electron binding energy (EBE) of the network. Further stabilization is achieved by decay into deeper DBS electron traps and/or by reaction of the excess electron with H3O+ to form H• atoms. The HCl(H2O)6 clusters with a single Cl−H···OH2 bond behaved differently. They increased their stability by becoming more linear. This raised the dipole moment and the EBE therefore increased, reducing the total energy. None of these species showed any signs of increasing the number of H-bonds to Cl. The implication of these observations for the interpretation of the results of the experiments with 0.2 monolayer of HCl on 5 monolayer of H2O at 20 K, and on the possible role of cosmic ray-induced ionization in polar stratospheric clouds in ozone depletion is discussed

Results of adjusted logistic regression showing association of HZ with the number of years since first antibiotic prescription.

Results of adjusted logistic regression showing association of HZ with the number of years since first antibiotic prescription.</p

Results of adjusted logistic regression showing association of HZ with the number of antibiotic prescriptions over the previous 10+ years.

Results of adjusted logistic regression showing association of HZ with the number of antibiotic prescriptions over the previous 10+ years.</p