Additional file 1 of Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its components on menarche timing among Chinese adolescents: evidence from a representative nationwide cohort

Supplementary Material

Table1_Fitness costs of resistance to insecticide pymetrozine combined with antimicrobial zhongshengmycin in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).docx

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a major pest of rice crops, and its control is critical for food security. Pymetrozine has been recommended as an alternative to imidacloprid for controlling N. lugens, but the pest has developed high resistance to it, making its prohibition and restriction urgent. To address this issue, we conducted a study using a mixture of pymetrozine and zhongshengmycin with the effective ratio of 1:40, to evaluate the fitness costs in N. lugens. Our results showed that N. lugens had a relative fitness of 0.03 under this ratio, with significantly reduced longevity, female and male adult periods, total pre-oviposition days, and fecundity. Moreover, the expression levels of the uricase gene (EC1.7.3.3) and farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase gene (EC2.5.1.21) were reduced in N. lugens. These genes are involved in urea metabolism and steroid biosynthesis pathway, respectively, and their suppression can interfere with the normal nutritional function of N. lugens. Our study demonstrates that the combination of chemical insecticides and antimicrobials can delay the development of resistance and improve the efficiency of pest control. This information is valuable for researchers developing management strategies to delay the development of pymetrozine resistance in N. lugens.</p

Additional file 2: of Higher serum 25(OH)D level is associated with decreased risk of impairment of glucose homeostasis: data from Southwest China

Table S2. Multiple logistic regression odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of tertiles of serum 25(OH)D (ng/ml) with pre-diabetes1 (DOCX 18 kb

Additional file 1: of Higher serum 25(OH)D level is associated with decreased risk of impairment of glucose homeostasis: data from Southwest China

Table S1. The diagnosis of pre-diabetes (n = 1514). (DOCX 16 kb

Phylogenetic tree and PCA analysis for 419 rice landraces.

<p>(a) Clustering of 419 rice landraces; (b) PCA analysis of 419 rice landraces.</p

Distribution of SLAF tags and SNPs on chromosomes of 419 rice landraces.

<p>(a) SLAF tags on chromosomes; (b) SNPs on chromosomes.</p

Genome-wide association studies for pericarp color based on MLM model.

<p>(a-c) Manhattan plots and quantile-quantile plots for the whole panel and the two subpanels.</p

A sbuset of associated loci and candidate genes.

<p>A sbuset of associated loci and candidate genes.</p

Population structure of all 419 rice landraces.

<p>Population structure of all 419 rice landraces.</p

Genome-wide association studies for gelatinization temperature based on MLM model.

<p>(a-c) Manhattan plots and quantile-quantile plots for the whole panel and the two subpanels in 2014; (d-f) Manhattan plots and quantile-quantile plots for the whole panel and the two subpanels in 2015.</p