Radiative corrections to inverse muon decay for accelerator neutrinos

Inverse muon decay ($\nu_\mu e^- \to \nu_e \mu^-$) is a promising tool to constrain neutrino fluxes with energies $E_{\nu} \ge 10.9~\mathrm{GeV}$. Radiative corrections introduce percent-level distortions to energy spectra of outgoing muons and depend on experimental details. In this paper, we generalize the calculation of radiative corrections in muon decay to the scattering processes $\nu_\mu e^- \to \nu_e \mu^-$ and $\bar{\nu}_e e^- \to \bar{\nu}_\mu \mu^-$. We evaluate virtual and real $\mathrm{O} \left( \alpha \right)$ contributions and present the muon energy spectrum for both channels, double-differential distributions in muon energy and muon scattering angle, in photon energy and photon scattering angle, and photon energy spectrum for the dominant $\nu_\mu e^- \to \nu_e \mu^-$ process. We discuss how radiative corrections modify experimentally interesting distributions.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, v2, structure changed, new cross sections adde

Measurement of the total flux averaged neutrino induced neutral current elastic scattering cross section with the T2K Pi-Zero detector

2014 Spring.Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) is a second generation accelerator neutrino oscillation experiment. T2K uses a high intensity proton beam produced at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) incident on a carbon target and focused with three magnetic horns to produce a high intensity and nearly pure muon neutrino beam with a peak energy of 600 MeV at a 2.5º axis angle. The muon neutrino beam travels 295 km across Japan to the Super Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector in the Kamioka mine. The neutrino beam is also sampled by a complex of near detectors 280 m downstream of the carbon target located both on and off the beam axis. These detectors measure the neutrino beam before neutrino oscillations occur to provide input constraints to oscillation searches using SK. The off-axis near detector, ND280, is a composite detector made up of a tracker section and a Pi-Zero detector (PØD), all surrounded by an electromagnetic calorimeter. The entire detector is enclosed in a dipole magnet with a field of 0.2 T. The primary purpose of the tracker section is to measure neutrino induced charged current events characterized by the production of muons. The PØD is primarily designed to detect electromagnetic showers and to measure interactions on water through the use of a removable water target. In addition to these measurements, the ND280 detector is also used to study the cross sections of neutrino interactions on the various materials in the detectors. Limited knowledge of the cross sections in this neutrino energy regime are an important source of systematic error in neutrino oscillation measurements. This thesis presents a measurement of one neutrino interaction channel in the PØD, neutral current elastic scattering (NCE). In this process a neutrino elastically scatters off a proton or neutron in the target nucleus producing a proton or neutron with higher energy. The signature of this process is a single proton track. A particle identification algorithm (PID) was developed to suppress the dominant muon background. Using this algorithm in conjunction with a Michel electron veto the flux averaged absolute cross section is measured to be flux =2.24×10-39 cm2,nucleon ±0.07(stat.) +0.53,-0.63 (sys.)

Fused Bicyclic Gly-Asp β-Turn Mimics with Specific Affinity for GPIIb-IIIa

Disubstituted isoquinolones 2 and 3 have affinity for GPIIb-IIIa and represent leads for further structural evaluation. Structure−activity studies centered on the bicyclic β-turn mimic contained in these molecules indicated that this moiety could accommodate a variety of modifications. Specifically, monocyclic, 6,5-bicyclic, and 6,7-bicyclic structures provide compounds with affinity for GPIIb-IIIa. Within the 6,6-series, isoquinoline, tetralin, tetralone, and benzopyran nuclei yield potent antagonists that are specific for GPIIb-IIIa. Attachment of the arginine isostere (benzamidine) to the supporting nucleus can be accomplished with an ether or amide linkage, although the latter enhances activity. Several compounds in this series provided measurable blood levels after oral dosing. Conversion of the acid moiety in these molecules to an ester generally provided compounds which gave greater systemic exposure after oral administration. Absolute bioavailabilities in the rat for the ethyl ester prodrug derivatives of the tetralin, tetralone, and benzopyran analogues of 3 were 28%, 23%, and 24%, respectively