HISA big data in biomedicine and healthcare 2013 conference

Additional file 5. Biofilm formation by the S. suis serotype 2 (S2) and serotype 9 (S9) wild-type and agI/II -deficient mutant strains in the absence of porcine fibrinogen. Biofilm formation capacity was quantified after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C in the absence of porcine fibrinogen. Data represent the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments

Quantification of CXCL-8 (A), TNF-α (B), and IL-1β (C) secretion by macrophage-like cells stimulated with <i>S. suis</i> membrane vesicles (1 to 40 μg/ml), <i>E. coli</i> LPS (10 μg/ml), and <i>S. suis</i> P1/7 whole bacteria (MOI = 100).

<p>Results were considered significant at *<i>p</i> < 0.05 compared to unstimulated cells.</p

Determination of subtilisin (A) and DNase (B) activities in <i>S. suis</i> membrane vesicles.

<p>*: <i>p</i> < 0.05 compared to negative controls.</p

Quantification of NF-κB activation in U937-3xκB-LUC monocytes (A) and macrophage-like cells (B) by <i>S. suis</i> membrane vesicles (0.01 to 40 μg/ml), <i>E. coli</i> LPS (10 μg/ml), and S. suis P1/7 whole bacteria (MOI = 100).

<p>Results were considered significant at §: <i>p</i> < 0.05, *: <i>p</i> < 0.01, and #: <i>p</i> < 0.001 compared to unstimulated cells.</p

General locations (A) and functions (B) of proteins identified in <i>S. suis</i> P1/7 membrane vesicles by ES MS/MS.

<p>General locations (A) and functions (B) of proteins identified in <i>S. suis</i> P1/7 membrane vesicles by ES MS/MS.</p

Transmission electron micrographs of an overnight culture of <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> P1/7 (panel A) and the membrane vesicle preparation (panel B).

<p>Black arrow: whole bacterium; white arrows: membrane vesicles.</p

Quantification of NET degradation by <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> membrane vesicles.

<p>NETs were formed by the PMA-stimulated promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60. *: <i>p</i> < 0.05 compared to the negative control (no NET degradation).</p

Virulence factors identified in <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> P1/7 membrane vesicles.

<p>Virulence factors identified in <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> P1/7 membrane vesicles.</p

Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) Polyphenols Target Fusobacterium nucleatum and the Host Inflammatory Response: Potential Innovative Molecules for Treating Periodontal Diseases

Blueberries contain significant amounts of flavonoids to which a number of beneficial health effects in humans have been associated. The present study investigated the effect of a polyphenol-rich lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) extract on the two main etiologic components of periodontitis, a multifactorial disorder affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. Phenolic acids, flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols), and procyanidins made up 16.6, 12.9, and 2.7% of the blueberry extract, respectively. The blueberry extract showed antibacterial activity (MIC = 1 mg/mL) against the periodontopathogenic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum. This property may result from the ability of blueberry polyphenols to chelate iron. Moreover, the blueberry extract at 62.5 μg/mL inhibited <i>F. nucleatum</i> biofilm formation by 87.5 ± 2.3%. Subsequently, the ability of the blueberry extract to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in U937-3xκB cells was investigated. The blueberry extract dose-dependently inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by <i>F. nucleatum</i>. In addition, a pretreatment of macrophages with the blueberry extract (62.5 μg/mL) inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 by 87.3 ± 1.3, 80.7 ± 5.6, and 28.2 ± 9.3%, respectively, following a stimulation with <i>F. nucleatum</i>. Similarly, the secretion of MMP-8 and MMP-9 was also dose-dependently inhibited. This dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action of lowbush blueberry polyphenols suggests that they may be promising candidates for novel therapeutic agents

Inhibitory zones produced by <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> 3908 when spotted on lawns of <i>S</i>. <i>suis</i> strains belonging to different sequence types (ST1, ST25, ST28) and that were isolated from diseased pigs.

<p>Three independent experiments were performed. The inhibitory zones (in mm) are expressed as means ± standard deviations.</p