The proportion of women with peripheral parasitaemia at the time of delivery according to the timing of prior antimalarial treatment.

<p>The proportion of women with peripheral parasitaemia at the time of delivery according to the timing of prior antimalarial treatment.</p

Age distribution of patient presentations to hospital by malaria status (top) and <i>Plasmodium</i> species (bottom).

<p>Age distribution of patient presentations to hospital by malaria status (top) and <i>Plasmodium</i> species (bottom).</p

Predictors for Adverse Outcomes.

<p>Footnote: Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence intervals) are presented. In all multivariate models cofactors were entered into the model after stratifying by year of exposure.</p

Pregnancy outcomes in women with acute malaria (2^nd and 3^rd trimesters of pregnancy).

<p><b>Notes:</b></p><p><b>CQ</b> = Chloroquine; <b>SP</b> = Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine; <b>DHP</b> = Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine; <b>Qu</b> = Quinine; <b>Art</b> = Artesunate.</p><p><b>CQ+/−SP</b> = chloroquine with or without Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine;</p><p><b>IV Qu +/− Oral Qu</b> = Intravenous Quinine with our without subsequent oral quinine.</p><p>In women presenting before 37 weeks gestation;</p><p>undocumented pregnancy outcomes in two women (one treated with DHP and the other with IVArt).</p

Estimated probability of mortality by hemoglobin concentration overall (A) and by <i>Plasmodium</i> species (B).

<p>Figures generated by multiple fractional polynomial regression analyses with the following covariables: <i>Plasmodium</i> species, hemoglobin, age, sex, ethnic group, and year. Bands represent 95% CIs. Risk of death in <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001575#pmed-1001575-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6A</a> = 1/(1+exp(−(−1.44−0.4146 * hb+0.0006 * hb³))), where the other covariates in the model are set equal to their mean value (for continuous variables) or prevalence (for indicator variables).</p

Univariable and multivariable analyses of the risk factors for presentation with malaria in the previous 2 months (<i>n</i> = 219,845).

<p>^a Included in model for calculation of overall PAFs but PAFs not presented.</p><p>^b Not included in the multivariable model as deemed to be a consequence of severe disease rather than a confounder.</p><p>OR, odds ratio.</p

Estimated mean hemoglobin in hospital attendees by <i>Plasmodium</i> species from infancy to adulthood (A) and during the first 2 years of life (B) and the estimated probability of severe anemia (hemoglobin <5 g/dl) by <i>Plasmodium</i> species from infancy to adulthood (C) and during the first 2 years of life (D).

<p>Figures generated by multiple fractional polynomial regression analyses with the following covariables: <i>Plasmodium</i> species by age, sex, ethnic group, and year. Bands represent 95% CIs.</p

Risk factors for severe anemia (hemoglobin <5 g/dl).

<p>^a Included in model for calculation of overall PAFs but PAFs not presented.</p><p>^b Not included in the multivariable model as admission was deemed to be a consequence of severe disease rather than a confounder.</p><p>^c Number of previous presentations not included in the multivariable model as this would potentially obscure the net hematological effect of <i>Plasmodium</i> infection.</p><p>OR, odds ratio.</p

Adjusted population attributable fractions of severe anemia (hemoglobin <5 g/dl) by <i>Plasmodium</i> species and age.

<p>Figure generated by multiple logistic regression analyses with the following covariables for each age stratum: <i>Plasmodium</i> species, sex, ethnic group, and year. Bands represent 95% CIs.</p

Baseline characteristic of pregnant women delivering with prior history of last antimalarial exposure.

<p><b>Notes:</b> Compared with prior history of last antimalarial exposure:</p><p>^a p<0.001,</p><p>^b p<0.05; Compared with Oral Quinine:</p><p>^c p≤0.001,</p><p>^d p<0.05; Compared with CQ+/−SP:</p><p>^e p<0.05.</p