Highly Stretchable, Self-Adhesive, Direction-Aware Wireless Hydrogel-MMT Strain Sensors via a Gradient Structure of Intersecting Networks

Hydrogels are considered as an ideal material for bioelectronic devices to fulfill the requirements of various applications. However, integrating self-adhesion properties, high stretchability, good sensing performance, and direction-aware functionality into a single hydrogel strain sensor remains a significant challenge and has been seldom reported. In this study, through the characteristics of montmorillonite (MMT) adsorption, we designed a gradient intersecting strategy based on bifunctional MMT nanoparticles. These nanoparticles act as both cross-linking agents and conductive components to strongly intersect the hydrogel and the conductive networks, preventing them from sliding against each other. Thus, the hydrogel sensor had a wide range of adjustable mechanical properties and good adhesion on various substrates. Moreover, the hydrogel sensor can detect both large- and small-scale human activities and achieves direction awareness. Importantly, the hydrogel sensor can be used to construct a wireless sensor system to monitor human movement in real time. This work provides a strategy for the design of the next-generation flexible strain sensors and a method for the development of multifunctional MMT materials, expanding the application of both MMT materials and hydrogel sensors

Data_Sheet_1_Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson's Disease in 204 Countries/Territories From 1990 to 2019.docx

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasing challenge to public health. Tracking the temporal trends of PD burden would inform health strategies.Methods: Data of PD burden was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of PD were estimated using the annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. The EAPCs were calculated with ASR through a linear regression model.Results: The overall ASR of the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of PD increased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.65), 0.52 (95% CI: 0.43–0.61), and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44–0.62). The largest number of PD patients was seen in the groups aged more than 65 years, and the percentage rapidly increased in the population aged more than 80 years. Upward trends in the ASR of PD were observed in most settings over the past 30 years. Incident trends of ASR increased pronouncedly in the United States of America and Norway, in which the respective EAPCs were 2.87 (95% CI: 2.35–3.38) and 2.14 (95% CI: 2.00–2.29). Additionally, the largest increasing trends for prevalence and YLDs were seen in Norway, with the respective EAPCs of 2.63 (95% CI: 2.43–2.83) and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.41–2.80). However, decreasing trends in PD appeared in about 30 countries, particularly Italy and the Republic of Moldova.Conclusions: Increasing trends in the burden of PD were observed globally, and in most regions and countries from 1990 to 2019. Our findings suggested that the control and management of PD should be strengthened, especially when considering the aging tendency of the population.</p

Coexistence of Antiadhesion Performance, Intrinsic Stretchability, and Transparency

Antiadhesion performance, stretchability, and transparency are highly desirable properties for materials and devices in numerous applications. However, the existing strategies for imparting materials with antiadhesion performance generally induce rigidity and opacity, and principle is yet to be provided for designing materials that combine these important parameters. Here, we show that four factors including a low surface energy, appropriate cross-linking, availability of a homogeneous and amorphous composite, and a smooth material surface can be used to design an intrinsically stretchable and transparent polymer film with antiadhesion performance against various liquids including water, diiodomethane, hexadecane, cooking oil, and pump oil. The film can be obtained via simply molding a waterborne polymer network at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the film can retain its antiadhesion performance and outstanding transparency even when it is subjected to large mechanical deformations reaching up to 1800%, and its maximal fracture strain exceeds 3000%. These design concepts offer a general platform for achieving multiple material functionalities, and may open new avenues for the surface functionalization of stretchable materials and devices

Coexistence of Antiadhesion Performance, Intrinsic Stretchability, and Transparency

Antiadhesion performance, stretchability, and transparency are highly desirable properties for materials and devices in numerous applications. However, the existing strategies for imparting materials with antiadhesion performance generally induce rigidity and opacity, and principle is yet to be provided for designing materials that combine these important parameters. Here, we show that four factors including a low surface energy, appropriate cross-linking, availability of a homogeneous and amorphous composite, and a smooth material surface can be used to design an intrinsically stretchable and transparent polymer film with antiadhesion performance against various liquids including water, diiodomethane, hexadecane, cooking oil, and pump oil. The film can be obtained via simply molding a waterborne polymer network at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the film can retain its antiadhesion performance and outstanding transparency even when it is subjected to large mechanical deformations reaching up to 1800%, and its maximal fracture strain exceeds 3000%. These design concepts offer a general platform for achieving multiple material functionalities, and may open new avenues for the surface functionalization of stretchable materials and devices

Coexistence of Antiadhesion Performance, Intrinsic Stretchability, and Transparency

Antiadhesion performance, stretchability, and transparency are highly desirable properties for materials and devices in numerous applications. However, the existing strategies for imparting materials with antiadhesion performance generally induce rigidity and opacity, and principle is yet to be provided for designing materials that combine these important parameters. Here, we show that four factors including a low surface energy, appropriate cross-linking, availability of a homogeneous and amorphous composite, and a smooth material surface can be used to design an intrinsically stretchable and transparent polymer film with antiadhesion performance against various liquids including water, diiodomethane, hexadecane, cooking oil, and pump oil. The film can be obtained via simply molding a waterborne polymer network at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the film can retain its antiadhesion performance and outstanding transparency even when it is subjected to large mechanical deformations reaching up to 1800%, and its maximal fracture strain exceeds 3000%. These design concepts offer a general platform for achieving multiple material functionalities, and may open new avenues for the surface functionalization of stretchable materials and devices

Coexistence of Antiadhesion Performance, Intrinsic Stretchability, and Transparency

Antiadhesion performance, stretchability, and transparency are highly desirable properties for materials and devices in numerous applications. However, the existing strategies for imparting materials with antiadhesion performance generally induce rigidity and opacity, and principle is yet to be provided for designing materials that combine these important parameters. Here, we show that four factors including a low surface energy, appropriate cross-linking, availability of a homogeneous and amorphous composite, and a smooth material surface can be used to design an intrinsically stretchable and transparent polymer film with antiadhesion performance against various liquids including water, diiodomethane, hexadecane, cooking oil, and pump oil. The film can be obtained via simply molding a waterborne polymer network at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the film can retain its antiadhesion performance and outstanding transparency even when it is subjected to large mechanical deformations reaching up to 1800%, and its maximal fracture strain exceeds 3000%. These design concepts offer a general platform for achieving multiple material functionalities, and may open new avenues for the surface functionalization of stretchable materials and devices

Coexistence of Antiadhesion Performance, Intrinsic Stretchability, and Transparency

Antiadhesion performance, stretchability, and transparency are highly desirable properties for materials and devices in numerous applications. However, the existing strategies for imparting materials with antiadhesion performance generally induce rigidity and opacity, and principle is yet to be provided for designing materials that combine these important parameters. Here, we show that four factors including a low surface energy, appropriate cross-linking, availability of a homogeneous and amorphous composite, and a smooth material surface can be used to design an intrinsically stretchable and transparent polymer film with antiadhesion performance against various liquids including water, diiodomethane, hexadecane, cooking oil, and pump oil. The film can be obtained via simply molding a waterborne polymer network at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the film can retain its antiadhesion performance and outstanding transparency even when it is subjected to large mechanical deformations reaching up to 1800%, and its maximal fracture strain exceeds 3000%. These design concepts offer a general platform for achieving multiple material functionalities, and may open new avenues for the surface functionalization of stretchable materials and devices

DataSheet_1_Global Trends in Death, Years of Life Lost, and Years Lived With Disability Caused by Breast Cancer Attributable to Secondhand Smoke From 1990 to 2019.docx

BackgroundSecondhand smoke is an important risk factor to breast cancer patients’ survival. This article aimed to describe the epidemiological changes of health loss caused by female breast cancer attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData on breast cancer was derived from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The epidemiological status and trends were estimated using the number, age-standardized rate (ASR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).ResultsIn 2019, secondhand smoke-related breast cancer caused 168.33×102 death, 5242.58×102 years of life lost (YLLs), and 334.03×102 years lived with disability (YLDs) globally. The overall ASR of death and YLLs caused by breast cancer attributable to secondhand smoke presented decreasing trends from 1990 to 2019, with the respective EAPCs of −0.78 and −0.87. Meanwhile, decreasing trends occurred in most geographic regions, particularly that of YLLs in high-income North America (EAPC = −3.35). At the national level, most countries/territories had decreasing trends of death and YLLs, particularly Denmark, in which the respective EAPCs were −4.26 and −4.64. However, the ASR of YLDs showed an increasing trend globally (EAPC = 0.32). Meanwhile, increasing trends were observed in most regions and countries, particularly the Solomon Islands and Lesotho, with the respective EAPCs being 6.18 and 4.33. The changing trends were closely associated with sociodemographic development.ConclusionsTrends in secondhand smoke-related death and YLLs caused by breast cancer declined from 1990 to 2019. However, secondhand smoke remains a challenge to the patients’ longevity and quality of life. The findings informed strategies should be strengthened the control of secondhand smoking.</p

Additional file 1 of The trends in death of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies worldwide: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and implications for liver cancer management

Additional file 1: Supplementary figure 1. The relationship between EAPCs and ASDR in 1990 at the national level. EAPCs of death due to LCHB (A), LCHC (B), LCAL (B), and LCNA (D) had negative associations with the corresponding ASDR in 1990. The association was calculated with Pearson correlation analysis. The size of circle increases with the corresponding death number in 1990. LCHB, liver cancer due to hepatitis B; LCHC, liver cancer due to hepatitis C; LCAL, liver cancer due to alcohol consumption; LCNA, liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; EAPCs, estimated annual percentage changes; ASDR, age-standardized death rate. Supplementary figure 2. The relationship between EAPCs and HDI in 2019 at the national level. EAPCs of death due to LCHB (A), LCHC (B), LCAL (B), and LCNA (D) had positive associations with HDI in 2019. The association was calculated with Pearson correlation analysis. The size of circle increases with the corresponding death numbers in 2019. LCHB, liver cancer due to hepatitis B; LCHC, liver cancer due to hepatitis C; LCAL, liver cancer due to alcohol consumption; LCNA, liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; EAPCs, estimated annual percentage changes; HDI, human development index. Supplementary figure 3. The distribution of death number of LCHB in age groups, SDI areas, and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. (A) the death number of LCHB in age groups; (B) the ASDR of LCHB in SDI areas; (C) the ASDR of LCHB in geographical regions. LCHB, liver cancer due to hepatitis B; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; SDI, sociodemographic index. Supplementary figure 4. The distribution of percentage changes in number and EAPCs of death caused by LCHB at the national level from 1990 to 2019. (A) The ASDR of LCHB in 2019; (B) The percentage changes in death number of LCHB; (C) EAPCs of death due to LCHB. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. LCHB, liver cancer due to hepatitis B; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change. Supplementary figure 5. The distribution of death number of LCHC in age groups, SDI areas, and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. (A) the death number of LCHC in age groups; (B) the ASDR of LCHC in SDI areas; (C) the ASDR of LCHC in geographical regions. LCHC, liver cancer due to hepatitis C; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; SDI, sociodemographic index. Supplementary figure 6. The distribution of percentage changes in number and EAPCs of death caused by LCHC at the national level from 1990 to 2019. (A) The ASDR of LCHC in 2019; (B) The percentage changes in death number of LCHC; (C) EAPCs of death due to LCHC. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. LCHC, liver cancer due to hepatitis C; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change. Supplementary figure 7. The distribution of death number of LCAL in age groups, SDI areas, and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. (A) the death number of LCAL in age groups; (B) the ASDR of LCAL in SDI areas; (C) the ASDR of LCAL in geographical regions. LCAL, liver cancer due to alcohol use; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; SDI, sociodemographic index. Supplementary figure 8. The distribution of percentage changes in number and EAPCs of death caused by LCAL at the national level from 1990 to 2019. (A) The ASDR of LCAL; (B) The percentage changes in number of death due to LCAL; (C) EAPCs of death due to LCAL. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. LCAL, liver cancer due to alcohol use; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change. Supplementary figure 9. The distribution of death number of LCNA in age groups, SDI areas, and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. (A) the death number of LCNA in age groups; (B) the death number of LCNA in SDI areas; (C) the death number of LCNA in geographical regions. LCNA, liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; SDI, sociodemographic index. Supplementary figure 10. The distribution of percentage changes in number and EAPCs of death caused by LCNA at the national level from 1990 to 2019. (A) The ASDR of LCNA; (B) The percentage changes in number of death due to LCNA; (C) EAPCs of death due to LCNA. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. LCNA, liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change. Supplementary figure 11. The distribution of ASDR of LCHB, LCHC, LCAL, and LCNA due to attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. The ASDR of LCHB, LCHC, LCAL, and LCNA due to attributable risks were (A), (B), (C), and (D), respectively. LCHB, liver cancer due to hepatitis B; LCHC, liver cancer due to hepatitis C; LCAL, liver cancer due to alcohol use; LCNA, liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; ASDR, age-standardized death rate. Supplementary figure 12. The overall death rate of LCHB by sex, age groups, and attributable risks. Death rate due to LCHB in both sexes, male, and female were (A), (B), and (C), respectively. The upper column in each group is data in 1990 and the lower column in 2019. LCHB, liver cancer due to hepatitis B. Supplementary figure 13. The death overall rate of caused by LCHC by sex, age groups, and attributable risks. Death rate due to LCHC in both sexes, male, and female were (A), (B), and (C), respectively. The upper column in each group is data in 1990 and the lower column in 2019. LCHC, liver cancer due to hepatitis C. Supplementary figure 14. The death overall rate of caused by LCAL by sex, age groups, and attributable risks. Death rate due to LCAL in both sexes, male, and female were (A), (B), and (C), respectively. The upper column in each group is data in 1990 and the lower column in 2019. LCAL, liver cancer due to alcohol use. Supplementary figure 15. The death overall rate of caused by LCNA by sex, age groups, and attributable risks. Death rate due to LCNA in both sexes, male, and female were (A), (B), and (C), respectively. The upper column in each group is data in 1990 and the lower column in 2019. LCNA, liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis