Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Planar Chiral Azahelicenes Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane

Three pairs of planar chiral heteroarenes were synthesized using palladium-catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig coupling and hypervalent iodine-mediated oxidative cyclization from optically pure 4-amino[2.2]­paracyclophane. Among them, an enantiomer of planar chiral azahelicene was found to have circularly polarized luminescence activity that was remarkably stronger than that of planar chiral heteroarenes

Novel Application of an <i>In Situ</i> Raman Technique for a Co-Crystal Ternary Phase Diagram Determination

Chemometric models were established using the Raman spectroscopy technique for in situ composition analysis of multi-component/multi-phase inorganic mixtures. The X-ray powder diffraction technique was then used to validate chemometric models. Subsequently, a novel method was developed to determine a co-crystal ternary phase diagram of an inorganic sodium salt system. The common method to determine a ternary phase diagram requires analyzing the composition of liquid and solid phases of each constituent separately. It is a time-consuming process, often with a certain level of inaccuracy depending on which analytical techniques are applied, i.e., chemical analysis during the solid–liquid separation will have weight loss especially for high-temperature processes. However, the in situ Raman technique is able to capture the dynamic changes during the operation, especially for fast processes, which helps to understand and quantify the real-time evolution of the chemicals/crystalline in the system without being influenced by sample preparation and methodology operation conditions. In addition, it is a faster method to characterize equilibrium systems as it quantifies when equilibrium is achieved. In this study, an isothermal ternary phase diagram was rapidly achieved by applying the in situ Raman technique together with the chemometric models. With this new approach, the composition information of each constituent was evaluated from this phase diagram over the operation time

Inkjet-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method Coupled with UHPLC–MS/MS for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Wheat

A novel method was developed for determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) in wheat using inkjet-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A drop-on-demand jetting device was used to form a cloudy solution in traditional DLLME by injecting extraction solvent (10 μL) as ultrafine droplets (∼20 μm diameter) at high frequency into sample solution. The method was validated using wheat as a representative matrix, which was pretreated with acetonitrile/water solution. Good linearity was observed over the studied range (0.06–6 μg/kg), and the limits of quantification (0.06–0.18 μg/kg) were below the maximum level established by the European Union for cereal. Satisfactory recoveries, ranging from 83.2% to 93.0% with relative standard deviations below 4.6%, were obtained for all compounds. The method, which is convenient and reliable and has low solvent consumption, represents a new direction for the development of traditional DLLME technology

Table_2_Effect of Digoxin Therapy on Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Meta-Analysis.DOCX

Background: Whether digoxin is associated with increased mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. We aimed to assess the risk of mortality and clinical effects of digoxin use in patients with AF.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched to identify eligible studies comparing all-cause mortality of patients with AF taking digoxin with those not taking digoxin, and the length of follow-up was at least 6 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled.Results: A total of 29 studies with 621,478 patients were included. Digoxin use was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in all patients with AF (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.22, P Conclusion: We conclude that digoxin use is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and SCD, and it does not reduce readmission for AF, regardless of concomitant HF. Digoxin may have a neutral effect on all-cause mortality in patients with AF with concomitant HF.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.ukPROSPERO.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertensive Heart Disease in China From 1990 to 2019: A Joinpoint and Age–Period–Cohort Analysis.docx

To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive estimates of the descriptive epidemiology of and trends in hypertensive heart disease (HHD) in China have been reported. In this study, the temporal trends in the prevalence of HHD in China from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using an age–period–cohort model. Data related to HHD burden were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. From 1990 to 2019, HHD prevalence in China showed decreasing trends in both sexes combined (average annual percentage change [AAPC]: −0.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI: −0.3% to −0.2%) and in males (AAPC: −0.5%, 95% CI: −0.5% to −0.4%), but significant increases in the age groups of 15–19, 20–24, …, and 60–64 years. The age effect analysis showed an increase in HHD prevalence from 50 to 94 years in both males and females, the period effect analysis showed a slight increase in HHD prevalence from 2009 to 2019 in females, and the cohort effect analysis showed a consistent decline in HHD prevalence from earlier to later birth cohorts in both males and females.</p

Table_1_Effect of Digoxin Therapy on Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Meta-Analysis.DOC

Background: Whether digoxin is associated with increased mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. We aimed to assess the risk of mortality and clinical effects of digoxin use in patients with AF.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched to identify eligible studies comparing all-cause mortality of patients with AF taking digoxin with those not taking digoxin, and the length of follow-up was at least 6 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled.Results: A total of 29 studies with 621,478 patients were included. Digoxin use was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in all patients with AF (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.22, P Conclusion: We conclude that digoxin use is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and SCD, and it does not reduce readmission for AF, regardless of concomitant HF. Digoxin may have a neutral effect on all-cause mortality in patients with AF with concomitant HF.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.ukPROSPERO.</p

Atomic Heterointerface-Induced Local Charge Distribution and Enhanced Water Adsorption Behavior in a Cobalt Phosphide Electrocatalyst for Self-Powered Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting

Developing economical and highly efficient noble metal-free electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is an essential precondition for renewable energy conversion. Herein, we highlight atomic heterointerface engineering in constructing highly efficient cobalt phosphide (CoP)/Co9S8 electrocatalysts for full water splitting. A CoP/Co9S8 hybrid was prepared for the first time by partial homogeneous transformation of in situ-formed Co9S8, in which the atomic heterointerface was formed between CoP and Co9S8. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations confirm that the as-formed atomic heterointerface can induce local charge distribution in CoP/Co9S8, which can not only accelerate the charge transfer but also optimize the hydrogen adsorption energy of CoP in favor of the fast transformation of Hads into H2. Meanwhile, the Co9S8 component can also increase the water adsorption capability of CoP/Co9S8. Benefiting from these outstanding advantages, an alkaline electrolyzer based on CoP/Co9S8 as both electrodes achieves a low cell voltage of 1.6 V at an operating current density of 10 mA cm–2, and at the same time, it can also be self-powered by a home-assembled Zn–air battery employing the same CoP/Co9S8 as the air electrode for prospectively achieving renewable energy conversion. This work demonstrates the importance of heterostructure engineering in developing noble metal-free catalysts for high-performance water electrolysis

Atomic Heterointerface-Induced Local Charge Distribution and Enhanced Water Adsorption Behavior in a Cobalt Phosphide Electrocatalyst for Self-Powered Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting

Developing economical and highly efficient noble metal-free electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is an essential precondition for renewable energy conversion. Herein, we highlight atomic heterointerface engineering in constructing highly efficient cobalt phosphide (CoP)/Co9S8 electrocatalysts for full water splitting. A CoP/Co9S8 hybrid was prepared for the first time by partial homogeneous transformation of in situ-formed Co9S8, in which the atomic heterointerface was formed between CoP and Co9S8. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations confirm that the as-formed atomic heterointerface can induce local charge distribution in CoP/Co9S8, which can not only accelerate the charge transfer but also optimize the hydrogen adsorption energy of CoP in favor of the fast transformation of Hads into H2. Meanwhile, the Co9S8 component can also increase the water adsorption capability of CoP/Co9S8. Benefiting from these outstanding advantages, an alkaline electrolyzer based on CoP/Co9S8 as both electrodes achieves a low cell voltage of 1.6 V at an operating current density of 10 mA cm–2, and at the same time, it can also be self-powered by a home-assembled Zn–air battery employing the same CoP/Co9S8 as the air electrode for prospectively achieving renewable energy conversion. This work demonstrates the importance of heterostructure engineering in developing noble metal-free catalysts for high-performance water electrolysis

Efficacy of three surgical methods for gingivectomy of permanent anterior teeth with delayed tooth eruption in children

Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy of three surgically assisted permanent anterior tooth eruption methods (laser surgery, electrosurgery and routine surgery) in children. Method Sixty-three orthodontic children with retarded permanent anterior tooth were selected and according to the random number table divided into three groups: laser surgery group (group A), electrosurgery group (group B) and routine surgery group (group C). The total operative time (min), the duration of pain after gingival excision (d), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain intensity scores (0–10 cm), and gingival healing time (d) were all recorded. Six months after treatment, periodontal indexes of the three groups, including gingival indexes (GI), plaque indexes (PLI), probing depth (PD) were checked by the same periodontist and recorded. Results Surgical records showed that compared with group C, there were statistically significant differences in operative time, pain duration, pain intensity and healing time in group A and B (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in these four results between group A and group B. Periodontal examination indicators 6 months after surgery showed no statistical differences in GI, PLI and PD among group A, B and C. Oral clinical examination found that the three groups of patients with different treatment, dental eruption was normal. Conclusion All the three treatments can effectively solve the problem of delayed eruption of permanent anterior teeth in children. Particularly, laser surgery and high-frequency electrosurgery have good efficacy, little pain and high operability, which can be considered as a better method to aid teeth eruption

Simulated output voltage responses due to the different λ by AFSMC.

<p>Simulated output voltage responses due to the different λ by AFSMC.</p