Topological phases of quantized light

Topological photonics is an emerging research area that focuses on the topological states of classical light. Here we reveal the topological phases that are intrinsic to the particle nature of light, i.e., solely related to the quantized Fock states and the inhomogeneous coupling between them. The Hamiltonian of two cavities coupled with a two-level atom is an intrinsic one-dimensional Su-Schriefer-Heeger model of Fock states. By adding another cavity, the Fock-state lattice is extended to two dimensions with a honeycomb structure, where the strain due to the inhomogeneity of the coupling strengths induces a Lifshitz topological phase transition between a semimetal and a band insulator. In the semimetallic phase, the strain is equivalent to a pseudomagnetic field, which results in the quantization of the Landau levels and the valley Hall effect. We further construct a Haldane model where the topological phases can be characterized by the topological markers. This study demonstrates a fundamental distinction between the topological phases of bosons and fermions and provides a novel platform for studying topological physics in dimensions higher than three

Effects of three pesticides on mitotic index of apical progenitors in E16 neocortex.

<p>Apical progenitors with mitotic figures were counted in three pesticides and control group, mitotic index was defined as the mitotic cell number/total cell number. More than 2000–3000 of cells was counted for each group. Data are represent as Mean ± SEM. N = 7 embryos from individual dams. No significance was observed at each group (P>0.05). Diazinon: DZN; Chlorpyrifos: CPF; Acephate: ACP.</p

Effects of three pesticides on cleavage plane of apical progenitors in E16 neocortex.

<p>Cleavage plane orientation of apical progenitors was determined by measuring the angle of cleavage plane to the ventricle surface. Only cells in metaphase and anaphase phase were counted. Mitotic cells were divided into three types according the angle of cleavage plane plane: vertical (60–90°), oblique (30–60°), and horizontal (0–30°). (A) Effects of three pesticides on vertical orientation; (B) Effects of three pesticides on oblique orientation; (C) Effects of three pesticides on horizontal orientation. Data are represent as Mean ± SEM. N = 7 embryos from individual dams. *P<0.05; **P<0.01 for pesticides vs. control. Diazinon: DZN; Chlorpyrifos: CPF; Acephate: ACP.</p

Average numbers of contacted persons by age groups.

<p>Average numbers of contacted persons by age groups.</p

Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Sultams via Pd-Catalyzed Hydrogenation

Using pd(cf3co2)2/(S,S)-f-Binaphane as the catalyst, an efficient enantioselective synthesis of sultams was developed via asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding cyclic imines with high enantioselectivities. The hydrogenation products can be conveniently transformed to chiral homoallylic amines without loss of enantioselectivity

Effects of three pesticides on architecture of apical surface in E16 neocortex.

<p>Images of apical progenitors in E16 neocortex pretreated with diazinon (DZN, 2 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (CPF, 2 mg/kg) or acephate (ACP, 50 mg/kg). The progenitors arranged radially along the ventricular margin with closely packed nuclei. Scale bar: 20 µM.</p

Suppression of quantum noises in coherent atom lithography through squeezing

The Abbe's diffraction limit restricts the resolution of an optical imaging and lithography system. Coherent Rabi oscillation is shown to be able to overcome the diffraction limit in both optical and atom lithography. In previous studies, semiclassical theory is applied where the driving field is treated as a classical light and quantum fluctuation is neglected. Here, we show that the quantum fluctuation may reduce the visibility of the superresolution pattern. However, by squeezing the photon number fluctuation we are able to significantly increase its visibility

Discovery of Benzothiazolylpyrazole-4-Carboxamides as Potent Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors through Active Fragment Exchange and Link Approach

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an attractive target for developing green fungicides to manage agricultural pathogens in modern agriculture research. Herein, in this work, we report the discovery of benzothiazolylpyrazole-4-carboxamides I-III as potent SDH inhibitors using active fragment exchange and link approach. The results of the fungicidal activity assays showed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent inhibition against the tested fungi. Systematic structure–activity relationship studies led to the discovery of compound Ip, N-(1-((4,6-difluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)thio)propan-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, which showed higher fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum Schw (EC50 = 0.93 μg/mL) than the commercial fungicides thifluzamide (EC50 > 50 μg/mL) and boscalid (EC50 > 50 μg/mL). The molecular simulation studies suggested that hydrophobic interactions were the primary driving forces between ligands and SDH. Promisingly, we found that Ip could stimulate the growth of wheat seedlings and Arabidopsis thaliana and increase the biomass of the treated plants. Preliminary studies on the plant growth promoter mechanism of Ip indicated that it could increase nitrate reductase activity in planta, that, in turn, stimulates the growth of plants

Daily new symptomatic cases of baseline simulations with different sets of contact probabilities.

<p>Daily new symptomatic cases of baseline simulations with different sets of contact probabilities.</p

Comparison of the adjusted social contacts with previous study.

<p>Comparison of the adjusted social contacts with previous study.</p