Analysis of enhancement in gamma ray shielding proficiency by adding WO3 in Al2O3-PbO-B2O3 glasses using Phy-X/PSD

Gamma ray shielding ability of WO3 borate glasses is analyzed by using the Phy-X/PSD software. Mass attenuation coefficient of glasses gets enhanced with addition of tungsten oxide resulting in lowering of the values of MFP, HVL, TVL and EBF at 10 mol % of tungsten as compared to many commercial and radiation shielding glasses/concretes. The higher value of FNRCS (∑R) in studied glasses than concretes shows their neutron shielding ability. The sample with highest value of tungsten is most suitable for making radiation shielding materials. The OPD, OMV, n¯c, nb and dbb values indicate the rigid and stable glass structure due to the formations of stable BO4 groups. Poisson ratio confirms high cross density and stability of prepared glasses as its value decreases from 0.233 to 0.226. The increased values of elastic constants and VHN are also in the favour of higher stability and rigidity of the glasses due to addition of WO3. All of these parameters are in good relation with each other and support the shielding power of the studied glasses

Analysis of enhancement in gamma ray shielding proficiency by adding WO3 in Al2O3-PbO-B2O3 glasses using Phy-X/PSD

Gamma ray shielding ability of WO3 borate glasses is analyzed by using the Phy-X/PSD software. Mass attenuation coefficient of glasses gets enhanced with addition of tungsten oxide resulting in lowering of the values of MFP, HVL, TVL and EBF at 10 mol % of tungsten as compared to many commercial and radiation shielding glasses/concretes. The higher value of FNRCS (∑R) in studied glasses than concretes shows their neutron shielding ability. The sample with highest value of tungsten is most suitable for making radiation shielding materials. The OPD, OMV, n¯c, nb and dbb values indicate the rigid and stable glass structure due to the formations of stable BO4 groups. Poisson ratio confirms high cross density and stability of prepared glasses as its value decreases from 0.233 to 0.226. The increased values of elastic constants and VHN are also in the favour of higher stability and rigidity of the glasses due to addition of WO3. All of these parameters are in good relation with each other and support the shielding power of the studied glasses

Ryanodine receptor leak triggers fiber Ca2+ redistribution to preserve force and elevate basal metabolism in skeletal muscle

Muscle contraction depends on tightly regulated Ca2+ release. Aberrant Ca2+ leak through ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane can lead to heatstroke and malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility, as well as severe myopathy. However, the mechanism by which Ca2+ leak drives these pathologies is unknown. Here, we investigate the effects of four mouse genotypes with increasingly severe RyR1 leak in skeletal muscle fibers. We find that RyR1 Ca2+ leak initiates a cascade of events that cause precise redistribution of Ca2+ among the SR, cytoplasm, and mitochondria through altering the Ca2+ permeability of the transverse tubular system membrane. This redistribution of Ca2+ allows mice with moderate RyR1 leak to maintain normal function; however, severe RyR1 leak with RYR1 mutations reduces the capacity to generate force. Our results reveal the mechanism underlying force preservation, increased ATP metabolism, and susceptibility to MH in individuals with gain-of-function RYR1 mutations