Optimal Jet Finder

We describe a FORTRAN 77 implementation of the optimal jet definition for identification of jets in hadronic final states of particle collisions. We discuss details of the implementation, explain interface subroutines and provide a usage example. The source code is available from http://www.inr.ac.ru/~ftkachov/projects/jets/Comment: version to appear in Comp. Phys. Commun., 36 page

Deviation theorems for solutions of differential equations and applications to lower bounds on parallel complexity of sigmoids

AbstractUnder a sigmoid with a depth d we understand a circuit with d layers where each real function computed at (i+1)th layer is obtained as G(q) where q is a rational expression in the functions computed at ith layer and G is a gate operator from some admitted family. Two types of the families of gate operators are considered: first, we admit to substitute g(q) where g is a solution of a linear ordinary differential equation with the polynomial coefficients and second, as G(q) we take a solution of nonlinear first-order differential equation. The sigmoids of the first type compute any composition of the functions like exp, log, sin (thus, it includes, in particular, standard sigmoids corresponding to the gate g=(1+exp(−x))−1), the sigmoids of the second type compute Pfaffian functions. The main result states that if two different functions f1, f2 are computed by means of the sigmoids with the parallel complexity d, then the difference |f1−f2| grows not slower than (exp(d)(p))−1 (and not faster than exp(d)(p)) where exp(d) is d times iteration of the exponential function and p is a certain polynomial, thus one cannot rather good approximate f1 with a precise parallel complexity d by means of a function f2 with a less parallel complexity. Also we estimate the number of zeroes in the intervals of a function computed by a sigmoid of the first type. All the obtained bounds are sharp

Chern-Simons production during preheating in hybrid inflation models

We study the onset of symmetry breaking after hybrid inflation in a model having the field content of the SU(2) gauge-scalar sector of the standard model, coupled to a singlet inflaton. This process is studied in (3+1)-dimensions in a fully non-perturbative way with the help of lattice techniques within the classical approximation. We focus on the role played by gauge fields and, in particular, on the generation of Chern-Simons number. Our results are shown to be insensitive to the various cut-offs introduced in our numerical approach. The spectra preserves a large hierarchy between long and short-wavelength modes during the whole period of symmetry breaking and Chern-Simons generation, confirming that the dynamics is driven by the low momentum sector of the theory. We establish that the Chern-Simons production mechanism is associated with local sphaleron-like structures. The corresponding sphaleron rates are of order 10^{-5} m^4, which, within certain scenarios of electroweak baryogenesis and a (not unnaturally large) additional source of CP violation, could explain the present baryon asymmetry of the universe.Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures, ReVTeX. With minor corrections, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Quantum dynamics and thermalization for out-of-equilibrium phi^4-theory

The quantum time evolution of \phi^4-field theory for a spatially homogeneous system in 2+1 space-time dimensions is investigated numerically for out-of-equilibrium initial conditions on the basis of the Kadanoff-Baym equations including the tadpole and sunset self-energies. Whereas the tadpole self-energy yields a dynamical mass, the sunset self-energy is responsible for dissipation and an equilibration of the system. In particular we address the dynamics of the spectral (`off-shell') distributions of the excited quantum modes and the different phases in the approach to equilibrium described by Kubo-Martin-Schwinger relations for thermal equilibrium states. The investigation explicitly demonstrates that the only translation invariant solutions representing the stationary fixed points of the coupled equation of motions are those of full thermal equilibrium. They agree with those extracted from the time integration of the Kadanoff-Baym equations in the long time limit. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of the full quantum dynamics to more approximate and simple schemes like that of a standard kinetic (on-shell) Boltzmann equation is performed. Our analysis shows that the consistent inclusion of the dynamical spectral function has a significant impact on relaxation phenomena. The different time scales, that are involved in the dynamical quantum evolution towards a complete thermalized state, are discussed in detail. We find that far off-shell 1 3 processes are responsible for chemical equilibration, which is missed in the Boltzmann limit. Finally, we address briefly the case of (bare) massless fields. For sufficiently large couplings $\lambda$ we observe the onset of Bose condensation, where our scheme within symmetric \phi^4-theory breaks down.Comment: 77 pages, 26 figure

Stochastic Production Of Kink-Antikink Pairs In The Presence Of An Oscillating Background

We numerically investigate the production of kink-antikink pairs in a $(1+1)$ dimensional $\phi^4$ field theory subject to white noise and periodic driving. The twin effects of noise and periodic driving acting in conjunction lead to considerable enhancement in the kink density compared to the thermal equilibrium value, for low dissipation coefficients and for a specific range of frequencies of the oscillating background. The dependence of the kink-density on the temperature of the heat bath, the amplitude of the oscillating background and value of the dissipation coefficient is also investigated. An interesting feature of our result is that kink-antikink production occurs even though the system always remains in the broken symmetry phase.Comment: Revtex, 21 pages including 7 figures; more references adde

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ ПРЕПАРАТ СИЛИМАРИНА УВЕЛИЧИВАЕТ УДОЙ, СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ЖИРА И БЕЛКА В МОЛОКЕ КОРОВ В ПЕРИОД РАЗДОЯ

Изучено влияние на коров предотельного периода и периода раздоя комплексного гепатопротекторного препарата ( препарат С ) на основе шрота расторопши (источник силимарина). Коровы опытной группы получали по 250 г/день препарата С за 21 день до и 21 день после отёла, в остальном содержание и кормление коров опытной и контрольной групп было одинаковым. В среднем (за период эксперимента, 5 месяцев) в сутки коровы в опытной группе дали молока 39,730,98 кг, что на 4,90,85 кг больше (Р0,01), чем в контрольной группе (34,820,78 кг). Содержание молочного жира и белка оказалось выше в опытной группе, чем в контрольной 3,710,15 против 3,140,13 и 3,140,13 против 3,080,09, соответственно. Выявлены достоверно более низкие значения билирубина в крови животных в опытной группе (1,510,31 мкмоль/л) в сравнении с контролем (2,130,31 мкмоль/л) и более высокие значения уровня альбумина в опытной группе (37,390,89 г/л) в сравнении с контролем (34,690,75 г/л). Содержание кальция (2,370,02 ммоль/л) в плазме крови животных опытной группы также превосходило (Р0,05) контроль (2,290,03 ммоль/л). Применение комплексного препарата на базе шрота расторопши дало выраженный экономический эффект дополнительный чистый доход на 1 голову за период эксперимента составил 27 175 руб. Применение препарата С значительно повышает продуктивность молочных коров, положительно влияет на биохимические показатели крови и является экономически обоснованным.The effect of a complex hepatoprotective preparation ( the feed additive S ) based on Milk Thistle meal (source of silymarin) on the cows of the precalving and early lactation period has been studied. The cows of the experimental group received 250 g/day of the feed additive S 21 days before and 21 days after calving, handling and feeding of the cows of the experimental and control groups being the same in everything else. On average, per day, cows in the experimental group gave milk 39.730.98 kg, which is 4.90.85 kg more (P0.01) than in the control group (34.820.78 kg). The content of milk fat and protein was higher in the experimental group than in the control group 3.710.15 versus 3.140.13 and 3.140.13 versus 3.080.09, respectively. Reliably lower values of bilirubin in the blood of animals in the experimental group (1.510.31 mol / l) in comparison with the control (2.130.31 mol/l) and higher values of the albumin level in the experimental group ( 37.390.89 g/l) in comparison with the control (34.690.75 g/l). The calcium content (2.370.02 mmol /l) in the blood plasma of animals of the experimental group also exceeded (P0.05) control (2.290.03 mmol/l). The use of a complex preparation based on Milk Thistle meal gave a pronounced economic effect an additional net income per head for the period of the experiment was 27 175 rubles. The use of the feed additive S significantly increases the productivity of dairy cows, positively affects the biochemical parameters of blood and is economically feasible.</jats:p

Reliability and Quality of Complex Systems

Background. The prospects of decentralized energy supply to autonomous consumers located in remote, sparsely populated, with difficult geophysical and climatic conditions in the regions of Russia, primarily the Arctic region, indicate the relevance of a new rethinking of the technology of designing, creating and operating autonomous power plants, complexes and systems with low installed capacity. Materials and methods. The article considers possible ways of energy supply to autonomous consumers through the use of low-power power plants and complexes, provides a brief overview and analysis of existing problems of energy security of autonomous consumers, and suggests a way for a new development of the processes of designing, manufacturing and operating autonomous power plants for decentralized energy supply to consumers. Results and conclusions. The main provisions and the concept of forming a methodology for the design, operation and decommissioning of low-power mobile power plants on the platform of integrated methods of physico-technological and economic assessment of the possibility of ensuring regional energy security are presented