A Review of WIMP Baryogenesis Mechanisms

It was recently proposed that weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) may provide new ways of generating the observed baryon asymmetry in the early universe, as well as addressing the cosmic coincidence between dark matter and baryon abundances. This suggests a new possible connection between weak scale new particle physics and modern cosmology. This review summarizes the general ideas and simple model examples of the two recently proposed WIMP baryogenesis mechanisms: baryogenesis from WIMP dark matter annihilation during thermal freezeout, and baryogenesis from metastable WIMP decay after thermal freezeout. This letter also discusses the interesting phenomenology of these models, in particular the experimental signals that can be probed in the intensity frontier experiments and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments.Comment: Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A, 28 pages, 12 figure

Surprises from Complete Vector Portal Theories: New Insights into the Dark Sector and its Interplay with Higgs Physics

We study UV complete theories where the Standard Model (SM) gauge group is extended with a new abelian $U(1)$, and the field content is augmented by an arbitrary number of scalar and fermion SM singlets, potentially including dark matter (DM) candidates. Considerations such as classical and quantum gauge invariance of the full theory and S-matrix unitarity, not applicable within a simplified model approach, are shown to have significant phenomenological consequences. The lack of gauge anomalies leads to compact relations among the $U(1)$ fermion charges, and puts a lower bound on the number of dark fermions. Contrary to naive expectations, the DM annihilation to Zh is found to be p-wave suppressed, as hinted by perturbative unitarity of S-matrix, with dramatic implications for DM thermal relic density and indirect searches. Within this framework, the interplay between dark matter, new vector boson and Higgs physics is rather natural and generic.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor corrections, references added, journal versio

Cosmological Constraints on Interacting Light Particles

Cosmological observations are becoming increasingly sensitive to the effects of light particles in the form of dark radiation (DR) at the time of recombination. The conventional observable of effective neutrino number, $N_{\rm eff}$, is insufficient for probing generic, interacting models of DR. In this work, we perform likelihood analyses which allow both free-streaming effective neutrinos (parametrized by $N_{\rm eff}$) and interacting effective neutrinos (parametrized by $N_{\rm fld}$). We motivate an alternative parametrization of DR in terms of $N_{\rm tot}$ (total effective number of neutrinos) and $f_{\rm fs}$ (the fraction of effective neutrinos which are free-streaming), which is less degenerate than using $N_{\rm eff}$ and $N_{\rm fld}$. Using the Planck 2015 likelihoods in conjunction with measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), we find constraints on the total amount of beyond the Standard Model effective neutrinos (both free-streaming and interacting) of $\Delta N_{\rm tot} < 0.39$ at 2$\sigma$. In addition, we consider the possibility that this scenario alleviates the tensions between early-time and late-time cosmological observations, in particular the measurements of $\sigma_8$ (the amplitude of matter power fluctuations at 8$h^{-1}$ Mpc), finding a mild preference for interactions among light species. We further forecast the sensitivities of a variety of future experiments, including Advanced ACTPol (a representative CMB Stage-III experiment), CMB Stage-IV, and the Euclid satellite. This study is relevant for probing non-standard neutrino physics as well as a wide variety of new particle physics models beyond the Standard Model that involve dark radiation.Comment: 14 pages plus appendix and reference

Signatures of Dark Radiation in Neutrino and Dark Matter Detectors

We consider the generic possibility that the Universe's energy budget includes some form of relativistic or semi-relativistic dark radiation (DR) with non-gravitational interactions with Standard Model (SM) particles. Such dark radiation may consist of SM singlets or a non-thermal, energetic component of neutrinos. If such DR is created at a relatively recent epoch, it can carry sufficient energy to leave a detectable imprint in experiments designed to search for very weakly interacting particles: dark matter and underground neutrino experiments. We analyze this possibility in some generality, assuming that the interactive dark radiation is sourced by late decays of an unstable particle, potentially a component of dark matter, and considering a variety of possible interactions between the dark radiation and SM particles. Concentrating on the sub-GeV energy region, we derive constraints on different forms of DR using the results of the most sensitive neutrino and dark matter direct detection experiments. In particular, for interacting dark radiation carrying a typical momentum of $\sim30$~MeV$/c$, both types of experiments provide competitive constraints. This study also demonstrates that non-standard sources of neutrino emission (e.g. via dark matter decay) are capable of creating a "neutrino floor" for dark matter direct detection that is closer to current bounds than is expected from standard neutrino sources.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures; references added, typos corrected, conclusions unchanged; journal versio

Exploring a Dark Sector Through the Higgs Portal at a Lepton Collider

We investigate the prospects for detecting a hidden sector at an $e^+ e^-$ collider. The hidden sector is assumed to be composed of invisible particles that carry no charges under the Standard Model gauge interactions, and whose primary interactions with ordinary matter are through the Higgs portal. We consider both the cases when the decays of an on-shell Higgs into a pair of hidden sector particles are kinematically allowed, and the case when such decays are kinematically forbidden. We find that at collider energies below a TeV, the most sensitive channel involves production of an on-shell or off-shell Higgs in association with a Z boson, and the subsequent decay of the Higgs into invisible hidden sector states. Focusing on this channel, we find that with order a thousand inverse fb of data at 250 GeV, the decay branching fraction of an on-shell Higgs to invisible hidden sector states can be constrained to lie below half a percent. The corresponding limits on Higgs portal dark matter will be stronger than the bounds from current and upcoming direct detection experiments in much of parameter space. With the same amount of data at 500 GeV, assuming order one couplings, decays of an off-shell Higgs to hidden sector states with a total mass up to about 200 GeV can also be probed. Both the on-shell and off-shell cases represent a significant improvement in sensitivity when compared to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, minor revisions, with added references, new version to appear in Physics Letters