572 research outputs found
All Aboard the Desistance Line: First Stop, Producing Prosocial Prison Attachments within an HIV Prison-Based Peer Program
This article explores the importance of social bonds in facilitating an investment in prosocial behavior amongst female prisoners working as HIV peer educators. Female prisoners can lack strong prosocial attachments to both individuals and institutions prior to incarceration. Absent this bond, little prevents the female prisoner from recidivating. Prison provides an opportunity to fashion new attachments that will assist in the reintegrative process. One way to create strong bonds of attachment, particularly for women, is through working as an HIV peer educator while incarcerated. In order to measure attachment levels, interviews were conducted with 49 female prisoners who worked in two HIV prison-based peer programs during their incarceration. Female peers developed strong attachments to one another. Such attachments were formed while incarcerated and were maintained upon release, thus serving to bolster support for newfound prosocial identities
Implementing Successful Jail-Based Programming for Women: A Case Study of Planning Parenting, Prison & Pups – Waiting to ‘Let the Dogs In’
With 68% of prisoners recidivating within a three year period, designing and implementing innovative programming within the corrections setting is a necessity. The transient nature of the jail population begets difficulties for its successful implementation and maintenance. Since incarcerated females represent a smaller portion of the population, women, who face different challenges than their male counterparts, often receive less opportunity for programming, especially within the jail setting. Parenting, Prison & Pups (PPP), a program which weaves together an evidence-based parenting curriculum, integrated with the use of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT), serves as a model for how to implement innovative programming within the jail setting at both the federal and county level for female prisoners. This paper outlines strategies to employ and discusses challenges that arise during program creation, implementation, and evaluation, which all require consideration prior to starting a new jail-based program. Despite a multitude of challenges, well-developed strategies can advance program goals and outcomes
Civic Engagement for the Future Criminal Justice Professional: Serving the Underserved in a Correctional Setting
This project—Parenting, Prison, and Pups—is designed to help students think as socially responsible persons, in addition to understanding and caring about the world they will enter as criminal justice professionals. By becoming civically aware and involved, these students will be servicing one of society’s most underserved populations, female prisoners and their children. This program involves college students in remediating some of the most difficult problems within our criminal justice system, namely prisoner rehabilitation. Moreover, involving research as another level to this project is vital to understanding the effectiveness of this jail-based program, in addition to accurately investigating the experiences of participating students. This article not only examines the process of designing and developing a unique civic engagement experience for students, but discusses how four agencies were brought together as community partners to serve female prisoners, while simultaneously conducting research on an important criminal justice intervention
When ‘Inside-Out’ Goes ‘Upside-Down’: Teaching Students in a Jail Environment During the COVID Pandemic and Implications for the Use of Correctional Technology Post-Pandemic
The transient population of county jails pose unique challenges for program implementation and maintenance. This past year, the spread of COVID-19 substantially increased such challenges, particularly since most correctional institutions are opposed to using Internet-based technologies, such as Zoom, in the secure part of their institution. Although college programming is rare in most jails, Inside-Out type classes, which allow college students to take a credited course alongside the incarcerated in a correctional setting, is a great way to provide a missed opportunity for purposeful intervention for the incarcerated, while providing a unique experiential learning opportunity for traditional undergraduate students. Based on an Inside-Out class conducted during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic, this paper examines the challenges of providing such instruction during a statewide shutdown, with preliminary data suggesting that despite a change in instruction mid-semester due to COVID-19, innovative technological methods can be utilized to maintain program integrity if correctional administrators are amenable to its implementation. Even though inside/outside students could not remain in the same classroom for the entire semester, as the original program was intended, both groups of students still benefited from a modified pedagogical model. Implications suggest that such methods could be utilized to maintain the integrity of correctional-based programming (post COVID) when the physical presence of faculty is prohibited or hindered
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A qualitative inquiry on the impact of family preservation programs
This project focuses on the impact of family preservation programs on family functioning through a qualitative follow up study of the Child Abuse Prevention Intervention and Treatment (CAPIT) program at Pacific Clinics in Yucca Valley, California. The results found that family functioning (particularly in areas of interpersonal skills and communication) had improved since completion of the program. Improvement was correlated with the service content of the program and with counselor characteristics. Due to limitations, including sample size (n=9), results cannot be generalized
Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
Neoplasia is an all too common finding in domestic animals. The oropharyngeal cavity is a common site for the development of tumors , particularly in dogs. One such tumor is oral malignant melanoma which occurs with some frequency in dogs but is rare in cats. Hence, the following shall focus on canine malignant melanoma
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The Nelson Memorandum: How two HELIOS members are responding
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NASA's Space Launch System: Unprecedented Payload Capabilities
As part of a renewed focus on deep space exploration, NASA and its private sector and international partners are building a new super heavy-lift launch vehicle, the Space Launch System (SLS), as well as the new Orion crew vehicle, and upgrading launch facilities at Kennedy Space Center. Progress made on the Block 1 vehicle, as well as its expected performance metrics and fiscal support from the U.S. administration and Congress, have opened up additional manifest possibilities that the Agency continues to evaluate. Offering a combination of power, payload capacity and departure energy unmatched in contemporary boosters, the SLS family of launch vehicles features the world's most-proven propulsion system: solid rocket boosters and RS-25 main engines with a modified existing cryogenic in-space stage. The initial SLS configuration, Block 1, will deliver at least 26 metric tons (t) of payload to trans-lunar injection (TLI). The vehicle's flexible architecture will enable the rocket to evolve over the next decade to meet the most demanding deep space mission requirements. The second configuration, Block 1B, will deliver at least 34 to 40 t to TLI, depending on whether the crewed or cargo variant is selected. Although designed to facilitate human exploration of deep space, the vehicle also provides game-changing benefits for large science payloads and even harnesses excess capacity to provide small satellites with affordable access to deep space. For the first integrated mission of SLS and Orion, launching from Kennedy Space Center in fiscal year 2020, SLS Block 1 will send Orion on a 25.5-day mission to a distant retrograde lunar orbit with the primary objective to test and validate new systems and procedures. That first mission, called Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1), also has 13 6U-class CubeSat payloads manifested. Those payloads, which will carry out a variety of scientific experiments and technology demonstrations, will deploy in several locations along the trajectory after Orion has separated from SLS. Contractors and suppliers have made significant progress since last year manufacturing the Block 1 vehicle for EM-1. The upper stage and adapters are complete as are the four RS-25 engines. All other major components are constructed and being outfitted for flight. In fact, hardware for the second flight is currently being manufactured at locations across the United States. This paper will outline hardware, avionics and testing progress toward the first and second flights of SLS. Manifest opportunities for primary, co-manifested and secondary payloads will be discussed. An in-depth look at payload utilization and integration will be provided, as well as lessons learned from installing a secondary payload deployment system for EM-1
Melatonin modulates intercellular communication among immortalized rat suprachiasmatic nucleus cells
The mammalian brain contains a regulatory center in the diencephalic region known as
the hypothalamus that plays a critical role in physiological homeostasis, and contains a
variety of centers for behavioral drives, such as hunger and thirst. Located deep within
the hypothalamus is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), or the master biological clock,
that organizes rhythmic physiology and behavior, such that critical events take place at
the most appropriate time of the day or night and in the most appropriate temporal, phase
relationships. Cell-to-cell communication is essential for conveying inputs to and
outputs from the SCN. The goal of the present study was to use an immortalized neural
cell line (SCN2.2), derived from the presumptive anlage of the rat suprachiasmatic
nucleus, as an in vitro model system to study intercellular communication among SCN
cells. I tested whether the pineal neurohormone melatonin could modulate cell-to-cell
signaling, via both dye coupling (gap junctional communication) and calcium waves
(ATP-dependent gliotransmission). I also tested whether extracellular ATP could
influence the spread of calcium waves in SCN2.2 cells. Lastly, the ability of
extracellular ATP to modulate SCN physiological responses to melatonin in SCN2.2
cells was examined.
I show that melatonin at a physiological concentration (nM) reduced dye
coupling (gap junctional communication) in SCN2.2 cells, as determined by a scrape
loading procedure employing the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow. Melatonin caused a
significant reduction in the spread of calcium waves in cycling SCN2.2 cultures as
determined by ratiometric calcium imaging with Fura-2 AM, a calcium sensitive
indicator dye. This reduction was greatest when an endogenous circadian rhythm in extracellular ATP accumulation, determined by luciferase assay, was at its trough or
lowest extracellular concentration. In addition, melatonin and ATP interacted in the
regulation of gliotransmission (calcium waves), and this interaction was also specific to
particular phases of the endogenous SCN physiological rhythmicity. Thus, I have
established that a complex interaction exists between established melatonin signaling
pathways and this newly discovered ATP accumulation rhythm, with the mechanisms
underlying this relationship linked to endogenous cycling of SCN cellular physiology
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